Research Fundamentals and Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of qualitative research as described?

  • Quantitative analysis of data
  • Testing hypotheses through experiments
  • Exploring experiences and meanings (correct)
  • Collecting numerical data

What method is primarily used for data collection in qualitative research?

  • Data mining techniques
  • Statistical analysis
  • Observations and interviews (correct)
  • Surveys with closed-ended questions

Which of the following is NOT a typical question a qualitative researcher might ask?

  • What does this experience mean?
  • How does this experience manifest?
  • What is this experience like?
  • What are the statistical trends? (correct)

In a case study design, what is the most significant aspect characterized?

<p>Investigating over a sustained period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the qualitative research process?

<p>Reviewing literature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phases involves identifying a problem and forming a thesis statement?

<p>Problem identification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hypothesizing in the research process?

<p>To predict outcomes based on initial research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'analyzing data' phase involve in qualitative research?

<p>Processing and interpreting data collected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of basic research?

<p>To develop and test theories and hypotheses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research uses information gathered from real-life experiences for practical application?

<p>Applied Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes action research from other research types?

<p>It involves a change intervention efforts for improvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research approach is primarily used to confirm theories and assumptions?

<p>Quantitative Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used in qualitative research?

<p>Open-ended interviews (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a hypothesis in a research study?

<p>To state the predicted relationship between two or more variables. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of quantitative research?

<p>Expresses results with numbers and graphs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines applied research?

<p>Research that seeks to solve specific problems with empirical data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'data' refer to in research?

<p>Units of information or statistics collected during a study. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of research is the exploration of not well understood concepts most relevant?

<p>Basic Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes variables?

<p>They are characteristics that can have more than one value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a null hypothesis?

<p>It states that a relationship or association does not exist. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'alternative hypothesis'?

<p>It describes a possible relationship between selected variables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true about common terminologies in research?

<p>Null hypotheses indicate that relationships always exist. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately defines 'abstract' in the context of research?

<p>A clear summary conveying essential information about the study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are variables generally understood in research?

<p>As attributes that can represent qualities or quantities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adhering to a code of conduct when collecting data from participants?

<p>To protect the rights of research participants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical issue indicates that participants can choose to exit the study at any time?

<p>Voluntary participation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does informed consent require of researchers regarding participant information?

<p>Participants know the purpose, risks, and benefits of the study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element that ensures that the identities of participants remain confidential?

<p>Anonymity of participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an ethical issue related to research conduct?

<p>Funding sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benefit of adhering to ethical research codes is related to enhancing research validity?

<p>Ensuring participant confidentiality leads to honest responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must researchers ensure to avoid potential harm to participants?

<p>The research must accurately represent its purpose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data retention keeps identities hidden while still gathering research insights?

<p>Anonymized data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental characteristic of research according to the provided information?

<p>Accuracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which purpose of research is aimed at confirming existing knowledge?

<p>To confirm whether what we know is correct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In health research, what does the term 'rigorous' refer to?

<p>Meticulous procedure adherence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a purpose of research?

<p>To confirm the uncertainty of facts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the characteristic 'generalizability' in research refer to?

<p>The ability to apply findings in various contexts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the nature of scientific research?

<p>It involves systematic, controlled empirical investigations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'testability' imply as a characteristic of research?

<p>Hypotheses can be proven right or wrong. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of systematic investigation in research?

<p>To find answers through a structured method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Research Fundamentals

  • Research is a structured inquiry aimed at establishing facts or principles in a field of knowledge.
  • Utilizes scientific methodologies to solve problems and generate applicable new knowledge.
  • Involves systematic observation, classification, and data interpretation.

Qualitative Research

  • Focuses on exploring experiences and understanding meanings through observations and interviews.
  • Asks questions like "What is this experience like?" and "How does this lived experience present itself?"
  • Employs various data collection procedures for in-depth examination over time.

Research Process Stages

  • Identify a problem and formulate a thesis statement.
  • Conduct literature review relevant to the topic.
  • Choose the research design and hypothesis based on initial research.
  • Collect data using selected methods before analyzing it for insights.

Characteristics of Research

  • Accuracy: Ensures precision in findings.
  • Objectivity: Avoids bias in data interpretation.
  • Rigorous: Maintains strict methodology throughout.
  • Testability: Results can be verified through experimentation or repeated studies.
  • Replicability: Research can be repeated with similar results by different researchers.

Ethical Considerations in Research

  • Voluntary Participation: Participants can opt in or out at any time.
  • Informed Consent: Participants are aware of the study's purpose, risks, and benefits.
  • Anonymity and Confidentiality: Identifiable information is protected to maintain privacy.
  • Communication of Results: Ensures clear and honest reporting of findings without misconduct.

Common Research Terminologies

  • Variables: Attributes or traits that can vary, like height or weight.
  • Data: Units of information, including statistics and facts gathered during the study.
  • Hypothesis: A predictive statement about the relationship between variables.
  • Null Hypothesis: States there is no relationship between observed phenomena.
  • Alternative Hypothesis: Indicates a relationship exists between variables in a study.

Types of Research

  • Basic/Pure Research: Develops and tests theories without immediate practical application. E.g., methodology assessments.
  • Applied Research: Addresses real-world issues with findings from collected data guiding decision-making. E.g., policy formulation.
  • Action Research: Combines inquiry and intervention to enact change in practices, aimed at solving practical problems.

Research Approaches

  • Qualitative Approaches: Expressed in words; used to gather in-depth insights into concepts and experiences. Methods include open-ended interviews and descriptive observations.
  • Quantitative Approaches: Expressed in numbers and graphs; used to validate theories. Methods include experiments and surveys with closed-ended questions.

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