Qualitative Research Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of qualitative research?

To test existing theories

To generate large amounts of numerical data

To create new theories from gathered data (correct)

To evaluate statistical significance

Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?

Gathers data mainly from natural settings (correct)

Tests hypotheses for validation

Focuses solely on measurable variables

Uses numbers for analysis

Which type of qualitative research focuses on individuals' lived experiences?

Narrative

Phenomenological (correct)

Ethnography

Case Study

What type of data does qualitative research primarily use?

Pictures, words, and narratives Signup and view all the answers

How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research in its approach?

Qualitative research is primarily subjective and exploratory Signup and view all the answers

What is a key strength of qualitative research compared to quantitative research?

Ability to discover subtleties and complexities of subjects. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about qualitative research?

It produces generalizable results Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of qualitative research?

Findings can often be generalized to a larger population. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a quantitative research type?

Causal-comparative Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential weakness of qualitative research design?

It may lack objectivity and can be biased Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes quantitative research?

It aims to confirm existing theories through measurement. Signup and view all the answers

Which qualitative research type primarily involves in-depth, open-ended questioning?

Narrative Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, how is data typically represented?

Using detailed descriptions and stories Signup and view all the answers

What can significantly affect the validity of qualitative research findings?

Researcher biases and personal influence. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is typically characterized by the collection of statistical data to identify relationships?

Correlational Research Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a common misconception about qualitative research?

Qualitative research findings are universal and applicable to all groups. Signup and view all the answers

What type of sampling is primarily used in qualitative research?

Purposive sampling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes quantitative research?

Requires large sample sizes to achieve representativeness Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, which of the following methods is commonly used?

Field research Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of quantitative research questions?

They should have a limited number of options Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes sample size requirements in qualitative research?

They are small due to the focus on detailed understanding Signup and view all the answers

Which statement distinguishes qualitative research from quantitative research?

Qualitative research uses standardized tools while quantitative does not Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions are characteristic of quantitative research?

Closed-ended with predetermined options Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes grounded theory in qualitative research?

Development of new theory through systematic data collection Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of using large sample sizes in quantitative research?

To achieve statistical representativeness and generalizability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of phenomenological research?

Lived Experiences of Immigrant Parents in Adapting to a New Educational System Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of narrative research?

To present a factual depiction of past events Signup and view all the answers

Which qualitative research type focuses on understanding human consciousness?

Phenomenological Research Signup and view all the answers

What does grounded theory involve during its execution?

Systematic data collection and analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates narrative research?

Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid Waste Management Signup and view all the answers

What type of qualitative research aims to develop new theories during data collection?

Grounded Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of both phenomenological and narrative research types?

They prioritize qualitative experiences and personal stories. Signup and view all the answers

What approach does qualitative research predominantly use?

Inductive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding quantitative research?

It often employs deductive reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

How does qualitative data analysis differ from quantitative data analysis?

Qualitative analysis is influenced by personal views. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of inductive reasoning in research?

It gathers observations before forming a hypothesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the outcome expectations of quantitative research?

Objective conclusions supported by data. Signup and view all the answers

In research discussions, which method starts from the overall mean and moves to the details?

Deductive approach Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is primarily associated with qualitative research methods?

Development of thematic and subjective interpretations Signup and view all the answers

What type of reasoning does quantitative research primarily rely upon?

Deductive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a research design?

To organize research components in an orderly manner. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of case study research?

Understanding the Coping Strategies of Senior High School Students. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes historical research?

Examination of past events to draw conclusions for the future. Signup and view all the answers

Ethnographic research primarily focuses on what aspect?

Culture and phenomenological reality of individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research uses interviews and observations as key methods?

Ethnographic Research Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a case study?

Long-term study of a phenomenon, group, or situation. Signup and view all the answers

What does ethnographic research typically emphasize?

Cultural context and individual behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options is NOT an example of qualitative research?

Examining statistical trends over a period. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Learners will differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research.
Learners will describe the characteristics of qualitative research.
Learners will explain the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research design.

What is Qualitative Research?

Qualitative research is a subjective approach focused on understanding human behavior and the reasons behind it.
It seeks to understand complex phenomena and individual differences in feelings and experiences.
Unlike quantitative research, it does not aim to test hypotheses or theories; it aims to generate new theory.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

Objective: Qualitative research aims to understand individual differences in terms of feelings and experiences through fact-finding research. Quantitative research aims to test hypotheses or theories by precisely measuring and analyzing target concepts to answer questions.
Data Description: Qualitative research uses narratives (pictures, words, sentences, paragraphs, short stories, etc.) to depict a phenomenon. Quantitative research uses numerically-based data (numbers, scales, hypotheses, calculations, and statistics) for describing phenomena.
Data Gathering: Qualitative methods for data gathering are typically unstructured interviews, participant observations, group discussions, open-ended questions, and free-form responses to survey questions. Quantitative data gathering uses standardized data collection methods, including censuses, surveys, questionnaires, checklists, experiments, and closed-ended questions.
Sample Size: Qualitative research often utilizes small sample sizes (judgement sampling) focused on in-depth analysis of experiences. Quantitative research employs large sample sizes that are representative of the population (large sample, random, stratified, systematic sampling).
Activities: Qualitative research is inductive, starting with observations and drawing general conclusions. Quantitative research is deductive, starting with hypotheses/theories that are then tested against observations.
Data Presentation: Qualitative research presents data through opinions, interpretations, and experiences, without standardized criteria. Qualitative research presents data using recognized principles, rules, or established laws to support claims.

Data Analysis

Qualitative Analysis: Research synthesizes, interprets, and categorizes data, often drawing conclusions through the use of thematic analysis. It is subjective and takes into account personal experiences in the analysis.
Quantitative Analysis: Research employs statistical methods (Objective, Statistical) to analyze data according to standard criteria, with results having high replicability.

Types of Qualitative Research

Case Study: A long-term study of a person, group, organization, or situation to investigate current phenomena.
Historical Research: An examination of past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future.
Ethnographic Research: A study of individuals' behavior, experiences, and contexts, often in natural settings. Uses interviews, observations, and document analysis. Mostly focused on cultural context.
Grounded Theory: Research discovers, develops, and provisionally verifies a theory related to a phenomenon through systematic data collection and analysis.
Phenomenological Research: Aims to understand the nature of lived experience (personal experiences) of a phenomenon through a direct study of participants' perspectives.
Narrative Research: Presents a logical progression of events that have occurred in the past to provide a factual depiction for a particular phenomenon.

Strengths of Qualitative Research

Issues can be examined in detail and in depth.
Research framework and direction can be quickly revised.
Data based on human experience is compelling and powerful.
Subjective complexities and subtleties are easier to discover, with richer data.
Findings are transferable to similar settings, but don't typically generalize to wider populations.

Limitations of Qualitative Research

Research quality is highly dependent on researcher skills and individual biases.
Rigor is difficult to establish, assess, and demonstrate.
It is not as easily understood or accepted within the scientific community as quantitative research.
Researcher presence can affect subject responses.
Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can pose problems when presenting and validating findings.
Characterizing findings visually can be challenging.

Research Design

Research design organizes research components to coherently address the research topic and problem in order. It serves as a template for data collection, measurement, and analysis.

Examples

The presenter lists several examples for each of the qualitative research types. For example, teenage pregnancy, understanding coping strategies of students with academic stress, the impact of Ferdinand Marcos's speech, cultural awareness and the integration of peace education in Indigenous Communities, understanding the migratory adaptations of squatter families, etc., among various other scenarios.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of qualitative research, including its characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses compared to quantitative research. This quiz will help you differentiate between the two methodologies and understand their applications in real-world scenarios.