Research Fundamentals Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is NOT essential for a research problem?

  • It necessitates a solution, improvement, or alteration.
  • It identifies a situation in need of attention.
  • It represents a discrepancy between current and desired states.
  • It always requires a complex statistical analysis. (correct)
  • What is a primary function of a research question?

  • To provide a definitive answer to a pre-existing problem.
  • To fulfill requirements, but not be challenged, examined, or analyzed.
  • To act as a general guideline for the researcher's personal interests.
  • To guide the research by pinpointing what the researcher wants to discover. (correct)
  • Which of the following is the most suitable approach when formulating research questions?

  • Establish a clear relationship between the questions and the research problem or topic. (correct)
  • Focus on questions with simple 'yes' or 'no' answers for clarity.
  • Ensure the questions are entirely novel and unrelated to existing literature.
  • Prioritize questions that confirm pre-existing assumptions of the researcher.
  • When formulating research questions, what role does the review of related literature (RRL) play?

    <p>It serves as the foundation for forming the research questions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for avoiding research questions that elicit a 'yes' or 'no' response?

    <p>They fail to encourage in-depth examination and exploration of the topic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important attribute of a research question?

    <p>If the work has a clear focus and purpose which allow the researcher to find out new information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion is NOT part of the SMART framework for research questions?

    <p>Sustainable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way should theories, principles, or concepts be integrated into research questions?

    <p>They should be used to define variables presented in the research questions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion is essential for a well-defined research question?

    <p>It should be specific, complex and relevant to the field of study, as well as address a single problem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of 'scope' in a research study?

    <p>Explaining the extent to which the research area will be explored and the parameters within which the study will operate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of research, what do 'delimitations' primarily define?

    <p>The characteristics that restrict the scope of the study, such as sample size and geographical location. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher is formulating a research question. Which approach is most likely to yield a relevant and valuable question?

    <p>Addressing a problem relevant to their field, contributing to an existing debate, and filling a gap in existing knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between a research question and a thesis statement?

    <p>The research question guides the research and thinking process and is the question your research aims to answer, while the thesis statement is the developed answer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher is designing a study on student behavior within a school. What constitutes a valid delimitation for this study?

    <p>Observing behavior patterns of 50 students from grade 11 of one school over six months. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ensuring a research question is 'complex enough to develop the answer over the space of a paper or thesis'?

    <p>It allows for a thorough exploration of the topic, providing sufficient material for argumentation and analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a researcher do when facing practical limitations, such as lack of time or financial resources, that affect the scope of their study?

    <p>Modify the scope by specifying choices and explaining how they might affect the outcome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following BEST describes 'delimitations' in research?

    <p>The researcher's strategic choices that define the boundaries of the study. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary ethical consideration when evaluating the risks and benefits of a research study?

    <p>Maintaining a positive risk-benefit ratio, where benefits outweigh risks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stated purpose of a related review of literature?

    <p>To secure funding for future research endeavors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should researchers address potential conflicts of interest involving beneficiaries?

    <p>Aim to achieve a positive risk-benefit ratio while safeguarding research independence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor distinguishes 'limitations' from 'delimitations' in research design?

    <p>Limitations are unavoidable; delimitations are specific choices made by the researcher. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of research ethics, what constitutes a 'benefit'?

    <p>Positive impacts of the research on involved parties and contributions to knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of a literature review in establishing the novelty of a research project?

    <p>It demonstrates the research's capacity to introduce new knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When research involves multiple individuals or groups, what should researchers primarily ensure?

    <p>That a positive risk-benefit ratio is achieved, especially when benefits to one group may increase risk to another. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary aim of conducting a traditional review of literature?

    <p>To summarize current knowledge on a specific subject and potentially offer a new understanding of the existing work. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a systematic review of literature that distinguishes it from a traditional review?

    <p>A bias-free approach to reviewing literature using sequential acts to analyse written works. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a systematic review of literature, what is the importance of determining the methodological soundness of research studies?

    <p>It ensures that only studies with rigorous designs and valid conclusions are included in the review. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure typically found in a traditional review of literature summary?

    <p>An essay style, using a series of united sentences to present the results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the 'search for the literature' stage of a related review, what type of source provides original data or firsthand accounts of events or research?

    <p>Primary Sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When searching for relevant literature, what criterion should be prioritized to ensure the quality and credibility of the sources?

    <p>Materials that have undergone evaluation by other experts in the field. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from avoiding repetition of previous studies, what other purpose does the review of related literature serve?

    <p>To recommend the necessity of further study on a certain topic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of review aims to provide a broad overview of the available research literature regardless of methodological quality, to identify the breadth and nature of research on a topic?

    <p>Scoping Review (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main purposes of citation in research?

    <p>To prove one's broad and extensive reading of authentic and relevant materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which citation style is characterized by using active verbs to express the author's opinion?

    <p>Integral Citation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does non-integral citation emphasize in a scholarly work?

    <p>The strength of the information rather than the owner of the idea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a purpose of citation?

    <p>To demonstrate a lack of understanding of the field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is integrated citation most commonly used for?

    <p>Social sciences and related fields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following formats represents a valid non-integral citation example?

    <p>The findings indicate a rising trend in behavioral studies (Johnson, 2019). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of failing to cite sources in academic work?

    <p>Plagiarism and academic dishonesty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the documentation of sources in research?

    <p>References (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating an annotated bibliography during the literature review process?

    <p>To summarize and analyze each source for future reference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is NOT mentioned as a method for organizing a literature review's structure?

    <p>Statistical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When identifying themes in literature, what should be primarily considered?

    <p>Recurring questions or concepts across the literature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically assessed when looking for debates and conflicts in the literature?

    <p>Variations in outcomes or interpretations among sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component of conducting a literature review according to the outlined steps?

    <p>Analyzing strengths and weaknesses of the research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it important to keep track of citations during the literature review process?

    <p>To avoid plagiarism and provide source accuracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key reasons to look for gaps in the literature?

    <p>To avoid redundant research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of pivotal publications in a literature review?

    <p>They may change the direction of research in the field (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Observable

    A topic perceivable through senses like sight, sound, taste, touch, or smell.

    Factual

    A topic that is tangible, true, and visibly real.

    Logical

    A topic that can be understood by the human mind.

    Research Problem

    A situation needing a solution, improvement, or a discrepancy between current and ideal states.

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    Research Question

    An explicit query about a problem or issue that is analyzable and yields new information.

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    SMART Criteria

    Guidelines for effective research questions: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound.

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    Independent Variable

    A variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

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    Dependent Variable

    A variable that is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.

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    Thesis Statement

    The central assertion or position that the paper will argue for.

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    Scope of Study

    The extent and boundaries of research within a defined area.

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    Delimitations

    Characteristics that limit the scope and boundaries of a study.

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    Feasibility

    The practicality of answering a research question within constraints.

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    Complexity of Research Question

    Must be intricate enough to result in a developed answer.

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    Relevance of Research Question

    Importance of the question to the field or society.

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    Originality in Research

    The question should not have been previously answered and should provide new knowledge.

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    Beneficiaries

    Individuals or groups likely to gain from the research outcomes.

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    Benefit

    Positive impact of research on participants and broader society.

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    Positive risk-benefit ratio

    When benefits outweigh the risks in research participation.

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    Purposes of Literature Review

    Meant to contextualize and justify the study within existing knowledge.

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    Background knowledge

    Information obtained to understand the context of the research topic.

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    Significance of work

    Importance of research supported by gathered evidence.

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    Acknowledgment

    Recognizing the ownership of borrowed ideas in research.

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    Purpose of Citation

    Reasons for citing sources, including giving credibility and avoiding plagiarism.

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    Integral Citation

    A citation style that emphasizes the author's ideas, often using active verbs.

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    Non-Integral Citation

    A citation style that focuses on the information rather than the author.

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    American Psychological Association (APA)

    A citation style used mainly in social sciences, emphasizing author-date format.

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    Modern Language Association (MLA)

    A citation style often used in humanities, focusing on author-page format.

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    Plagiarism

    Using someone else's work or ideas without proper acknowledgment.

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    Citation Validity

    Citations lend authority and credibility to arguments in academic work.

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    Annotated Bibliography

    A compilation of citation information and summaries for sources.

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    Themes in Literature Review

    Recurring questions or concepts across sources in a literature review.

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    Trends and Patterns

    Observations on how approaches become popular or fade over time in research.

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    Pivotal Publications

    Influential theories or studies that reshape the direction of a field.

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    Research Gaps

    Areas of missing information or weaknesses in existing literature.

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    Chronological Organization

    Arranging literature reviews based on the development of topics over time.

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    Strengths of Research

    Positive attributes of a study that enhance its validity or reliability.

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    Weaknesses of Research

    Limitations or flaws in a study that may affect its credibility.

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    Traditional Review of Literature

    A summary of existing knowledge on a specific subject, providing expanded understanding.

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    Types of Traditional Review

    Includes various forms such as Conceptual, Critical, and State-of-the-Art Reviews.

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    Systematic Review of Literature

    A structured review process aiming for bias-free results through clear steps.

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    Steps in Systematic Review

    Involves understanding questions, planning data collection, and summarizing findings.

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    Search for the Literature

    The stage where researchers find sources of knowledge to support their studies.

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    Primary Sources

    Original studies or data that offer firsthand information relevant to research.

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    Peer-Reviewed Materials

    Research articles reviewed by experts in the field before publication, ensuring quality.

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    Choosing Best Sources

    Selecting research findings that are relevant and credible, prioritizing expertise and primary data.

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    Study Notes

    Research Fundamentals

    • Research is a process of examining facts and information to verify claims. It requires inquiry, investigation, and logical/collaborative work.
    • Research is crucial for daily life, widening vocabulary, improving learning abilities, enhancing social awareness, and promoting cooperative learning.
    • Research involves a process with key steps: developing a plan, collecting data, analyzing data, presenting findings, disseminating findings, and defining the problem.
    • Research ethics, particularly in qualitative studies, emphasizes avoiding harm to participants.
    • Research seeks informed consent, clarifies study purpose, types of questions, potential risks, and benefits.

    Research Characteristics

    • Research demands accuracy and objectivity.
    • Research should consider timeliness and relevance to the specific time period.
    • Research should be clearly presented.
    • Research should follow a systematic process to yield useful results.

    Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative research focuses on in-depth understanding of concepts and experiences of individuals.
    • Different types of qualitative research include case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, content discourse analysis, and historical analysis.
    • Qualitative Research is effective for understanding human behavior and motivations through a naturalistic approach.
    • Qualitative Research focuses on a deeper and broader understanding of individuals.
    • This approach helps to understand human behavior and personality traits in their natural environment, promoting social change, respecting diversity, and engendering respect for people's individuality.

    Qualitative Research Characteristics

    • Qualitative research is a powerful and active approach that employs multiple research methods to understand an issue in detail.
    • Qualitative research is useful in understanding and analyzing data gathered from different social contexts and social life.

    Choosing a Research Topic

    • Personal resources, interest in the subject matter, availability of information, and timeliness of the topic are important factors when choosing a research topic.
    • Avoid controversial topics, too vague subjects, too narrow subjects, and highly technical problems that are difficult to investigate.

    Research Questions

    • Research questions are clearly related to the research problem.
    • Research questions are based on related literature and theories.
    • They should be formulated to spark curiosity and reveal surprising discoveries.
    • Related questions should specify dependent and independent variables.
    • Research questions should lead to an answerable problem statement.
    • Questions should only be answerable by "yes" or "no," in quantitative research.
    • A comprehensive review of existing literature is essential.
    • A literature review summarizes current understanding, provides background, identifies new knowledge, and relates the study to existing research.
    • Literature reviews follow specific structures (e.g., chronological, thematic, methodological, theoretical).

    Writing the Literature Review

    • A literature review meticulously compiles information about a topic and clarifies existing knowledge.
    • It should use primary and secondary sources to provide a broader understanding and improve knowledge gaps.
    • Reviewing literature involves synthesizing prior research and identifying any gaps in knowledge to build a robust foundation for current research. It analyzes and interprets findings to understand trends or conflicting viewpoints.
    • There are systematic steps to take in a literature review. Carefully assess the quality and validity of sources.
    • The structure is crucial. Choosing to use different structures (e.g., chronological, thematic) influences presentation, so consider what approach best suits the topic.
    • An important element is determining how the study will contribute to the existing knowledge.

    Writing and Citing Research

    • Properly citing sources is crucial to avoid plagiarism.
    • Follow guidelines for proper citation (e.g., APA, MLA) to avoid violations.
    • Using correct citation management methods improves quality and ensures proper referencing.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essential concepts and characteristics of research, emphasizing the importance of inquiry and investigation in various contexts. It covers key steps in the research process, ethics, and the significance of accuracy and objectivity. Test your understanding of qualitative research and its role in everyday life!

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