Research Ethics and Ethics Committees

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern when considering deception in informed consent?

The risk of a high dropout rate upon debriefing

The need for a detailed debrief after every study

The potential discomfort or anger of participants upon debriefing (correct)

The necessity of scientific justification for deception

What should participants be informed about regarding the data collected?

What the researcher intends to do with the data, including recordings, and how long it will be retained (correct)

Only the purpose of the study

The identity of the researchers involved

The potential risks and benefits of the study

What is the primary consideration in ensuring protection from harm?

Maximizing the potential benefits of the study

Minimizing the risk of harm to participants (correct)

Ensuring the study is statistically significant

Ensuring the study is completed efficiently

What is the purpose of Checklist 1 in the ethics approval process?

To determine if the project requires ethical approval Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Form A and Form B in the ethics approval process?

Form A is for low-risk applications, while Form B is for high-risk applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a participant debriefing sheet?

To provide a means of contact for participants in case of delayed reactions Signup and view all the answers

When is confidentiality overridden?

When the duty to protect individuals from harm takes priority Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers ensure regarding the risk of harm to participants?

The risk is minimal and necessary for the research question Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of research ethics?

To maximize benefits while minimizing harm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ethics committees?

To weigh the scientific and societal value of research with the proposed treatment of participants Signup and view all the answers

What information must be given to participants to obtain informed consent?

The purpose, methods, and data storage information Signup and view all the answers

What freedoms must be offered to participants?

The freedom to choose to take part, to withdraw consent, and to ask questions Signup and view all the answers

Why is written consent valuable in research?

It provides a tangible record of participant consent Signup and view all the answers

Who needs permission from a guardian in addition to their own consent?

Children under 16 years old and some other populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a debrief in research?

To inform participants of the specific hypothesis and remind them of their right to withdraw Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of researchers in terms of participant welfare?

To maximize benefits while minimizing harm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Ethics

Research ethics involve a moral obligation to respect participants' autonomy, privacy, and dignity, produce scientifically valuable work, accept social responsibility, and maximize benefits while minimizing harm.

Role of Ethics Committees

Ethics committees weigh the scientific and societal value of research against the proposed treatment of participants.
They ensure that research is methodologically sound, academically worthwhile, and upholds informed consent, confidentiality, and protection from harm.

Participants must be informed about the study's purpose, methods, and timeframe.
They must be informed about data generation and storage, including confidentiality information.
They must be informed about potential risks and how to address them.
Participants must be free to choose to take part, withdraw consent, and ask questions.
Written consent should be obtained, and a tangible record of consent is valuable.

Informed consent ensures that participants understand the study and can make informed decisions.
Children under 16 and some populations may need additional consent from a guardian.

Withholding information is generally acceptable, but active deception requires scientific justification and a second round of consent.
Deception is not appropriate if participants are likely to react with discomfort or anger.

Confidentiality

Participants have the right to confidentiality and anonymity.
They must be informed about data handling, including recordings and retention.
Separate permission must be obtained for audio/visual recordings.
Confidentiality may be overridden by the duty to protect individuals from harm.

Protection from Harm

Researchers must ensure that participants are not harmed by the study.
Risks should be minimal and not have a lasting negative impact.
Appropriate debriefing procedures and contact details must be provided.

Ethics Approval Process

Checklist 1 determines if the project requires ethical approval.
Checklist 2 is a risk assessment attached to the application.
Form A applies to low-risk applications, while Form B applies to medium/high-risk applications.
Additional materials, such as participant information sheets and consent forms, may need to be attached.

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Description

Learn about the moral obligations of research ethics, including respecting participants' autonomy and dignity, and the role of ethics committees in ensuring scientifically sound and socially responsible research.