Methods of developmental research

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Which type of design compares the behavior of different age groups on the same task?

Longitudinal design

Cross-sectional design (correct)

Sequential design

Microgenetic design

Which type of design can reveal how early behaviors are related to subsequent behaviors in the same individual?

Cross-sectional design

Sequential design

Longitudinal design (correct)

Microgenetic design

Which type of design provides an in-depth depiction of the process of change by studying children on the verge of an important developmental change?

Microgenetic design (correct)

Longitudinal design

Sequential design

Cross-sectional design

Which level of knowledge is only accessible to the child and measured via elicited response?

Explicit knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What are the drawbacks of cross-sectional designs?

Individual differences Signup and view all the answers

What are the drawbacks of longitudinal designs?

all of them Signup and view all the answers

'Explicit knowledge' is measured via:

Elicited response Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to determine if infants can distinguish between different visual stimuli and if they have an attentional preference for one over the other?

Preferential looking Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises when using preferential looking to determine infants' attentional preference for different visual stimuli?

Equal interest in both stimuli may indicate failure to discriminate or equal interest Signup and view all the answers

In which age group do children demonstrate partial knowledge through gestures and speech mismatch?

Age 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the implicit inter-modal preferential looking paradigm?

To determine if infants can link stimuli across different modalities Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to determine if infants can predict events happening in the world?

Anticipatory looking paradigm Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the violation of expectancy/expectation method?

To determine if infants have an expectation about events in the world Signup and view all the answers

In the habituation/dishabituation method, what does increased looking at novel stimuli compared to the last habituation trial indicate?

Confirmation of infants' understanding of the stimuli Signup and view all the answers

'Gestures produced alongside speech can demonstrate partial knowledge not shown in speech.' What does this imply?

'Gestures can provide additional information beyond speech.' Signup and view all the answers

'More than just handwaving: Church & Golden-meadow (1986), Allibali & golden-Meadow (1993)' What does this statement suggest?

'Gestures play a significant role in conveying information.' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of measuring infant knowledge through anticipatory looking paradigm?

To assess whether infants have expectation about events in the world. Signup and view all the answers

define competence

conceptual understanding required to solve the problem. Signup and view all the answers

define performance

other cognitive skills required to access and express understanding e.g ability to remember key info. Signup and view all the answers

How is implicit knowledge measured?

Measured via spontaneous responses Signup and view all the answers

what type of knowledge is eye gaze used to measure?

Implicit Signup and view all the answers

At what age will children fail the gestures task through gestures and speech?

1 Signup and view all the answers

at what age in the gestures task will children fail task in their verbal response but show knowledge via gestures?

2 Signup and view all the answers

In the inter-modal paradigm, If they understand the link between the verbal and visual stimuli, they are predicted to do what?

they are predicted to look longer at the matching than non-matching display. Signup and view all the answers

what was the task to measure habituation?

Stim presented repeatedly until attention wanes and look time reaches criterion e.g half of looking time during first presentation Signup and view all the answers

In the violation of expectancy method, what does it mean if infants took longer at impossible events?

taken as evidence that they are surprised and have some level of knowledge about the world Signup and view all the answers

which method uses this to measure infant knowledge: pupil dilates in response to cognitively demanding tasks novel events and emotional stimuli

pupillometry Signup and view all the answers

what did Hepach & Westermann look at in infancy research?

pupillometry Signup and view all the answers

which method to measure infant knowledge required prediction with violation of expectancy which relies on reactive looking?

anticipatory looking Signup and view all the answers

what one is a controversy with methods of measuring infant knowledge?

all of these Signup and view all the answers

Methods of developmental research

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Questions and Answers

Which type of design compares the behavior of different age groups on the same task?

Which type of design can reveal how early behaviors are related to subsequent behaviors in the same individual?

Which type of design provides an in-depth depiction of the process of change by studying children on the verge of an important developmental change?

Which level of knowledge is only accessible to the child and measured via elicited response?

What are the drawbacks of cross-sectional designs?

What are the drawbacks of longitudinal designs?

'Explicit knowledge' is measured via:

Which method is used to determine if infants can distinguish between different visual stimuli and if they have an attentional preference for one over the other?

What issue arises when using preferential looking to determine infants' attentional preference for different visual stimuli?

In which age group do children demonstrate partial knowledge through gestures and speech mismatch?

What is the aim of the implicit inter-modal preferential looking paradigm?

Which method is used to determine if infants can predict events happening in the world?

What is the aim of the violation of expectancy/expectation method?

In the habituation/dishabituation method, what does increased looking at novel stimuli compared to the last habituation trial indicate?

'Gestures produced alongside speech can demonstrate partial knowledge not shown in speech.' What does this imply?

'More than just handwaving: Church & Golden-meadow (1986), Allibali & golden-Meadow (1993)' What does this statement suggest?

What is the main purpose of measuring infant knowledge through anticipatory looking paradigm?

define competence

define performance

How is implicit knowledge measured?

what type of knowledge is eye gaze used to measure?

At what age will children fail the gestures task through gestures and speech?

at what age in the gestures task will children fail task in their verbal response but show knowledge via gestures?

In the inter-modal paradigm, If they understand the link between the verbal and visual stimuli, they are predicted to do what?

what was the task to measure habituation?

In the violation of expectancy method, what does it mean if infants took longer at impossible events?

which method uses this to measure infant knowledge: pupil dilates in response to cognitively demanding tasks novel events and emotional stimuli

what did Hepach & Westermann look at in infancy research?

which method to measure infant knowledge required prediction with violation of expectancy which relies on reactive looking?

what one is a controversy with methods of measuring infant knowledge?

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