Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is important to consider when designing a study?
What is important to consider when designing a study?
- To ensure quick results
- To ignore previous research
- To reduce the possibility of errors and biases (correct)
- To only consider one variable
Researchers should aim to introduce biases into their study design.
Researchers should aim to introduce biases into their study design.
False (B)
Why is it crucial to reduce errors and biases in a study?
Why is it crucial to reduce errors and biases in a study?
Because they can threaten the validity of the study's results.
When designing a study, it is important to minimize the ______________ of errors and biases.
When designing a study, it is important to minimize the ______________ of errors and biases.
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
What does the Prevalence Index measure?
What does the Prevalence Index measure?
The Slack Index is used to measure the prevalence of caries.
The Slack Index is used to measure the prevalence of caries.
What is the formula to calculate the prevalence rate?
What is the formula to calculate the prevalence rate?
The Slack Index is used to measure the ______________ of carious lesions.
The Slack Index is used to measure the ______________ of carious lesions.
Match the index with its description:
Match the index with its description:
Why is the Prevalence Index useful?
Why is the Prevalence Index useful?
What is the relationship between DMF and total water hardness according to some authors?
What is the relationship between DMF and total water hardness according to some authors?
Selenium has a caries-inhibiting influence.
Selenium has a caries-inhibiting influence.
What type of diet in urban areas may contribute to an increase in dental caries?
What type of diet in urban areas may contribute to an increase in dental caries?
Good economic status and social pressure in the direction of good _______________ are strong factors in creating demand for dental treatment.
Good economic status and social pressure in the direction of good _______________ are strong factors in creating demand for dental treatment.
Match the following trace elements with their effects on dental caries:
Match the following trace elements with their effects on dental caries:
The criteria for caries diagnosis should be defined before starting the examination.
The criteria for caries diagnosis should be defined before starting the examination.
What does the dmf index summarize?
What does the dmf index summarize?
The def index is used for children older than age six or seven.
The def index is used for children older than age six or seven.
What does dmfs stand for?
What does dmfs stand for?
The dmfs index is used to score the number of ______________ in the primary dentition.
The dmfs index is used to score the number of ______________ in the primary dentition.
Match the indices with their descriptions:
Match the indices with their descriptions:
What is the purpose of the dmfs index?
What is the purpose of the dmfs index?
According to the commonest definition, a tooth is considered carious when a sharp explorer catches in a cavity with a____________.
According to the commonest definition, a tooth is considered carious when a sharp explorer catches in a cavity with a____________.
Indices of dental caries can be divided into only two categories.
Indices of dental caries can be divided into only two categories.
How can indices of dental caries express the severity of the disease?
How can indices of dental caries express the severity of the disease?
A tooth is considered carious when a sharp explorer catches in a cavity with a ______________ floor.
A tooth is considered carious when a sharp explorer catches in a cavity with a ______________ floor.
Match the category of dental caries indices with its description:
Match the category of dental caries indices with its description:
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Study Notes
Study Design Considerations
- Errors and biases must be considered and minimized when designing a study to ensure reliable results
Relationship Between DMF and Water Hardness
- Some studies have found an inverse relationship between DMF (Decay, Missing, Filled) and total water hardness
- Trace elements such as selenium, molybdenum, and vanadium have been found to have an impact on dental caries
Impact of Selenium, Molybdenum, and Vanadium
- High levels of selenium in water and food have been linked to an increase in dental caries
- Molybdenum and vanadium, on the other hand, have been found to have caries-inhibiting influences
Urbanization and Dental Caries
- Urbanization has been linked to an increase in dental caries, possibly due to the type of diet in urban areas (refined and freely fermentable carbohydrates)
Social Factors and Dental Caries
- Good economic status and social pressure to maintain good oral health can create demand for dental treatment
Indices Used for Assessment of Dental Caries
- Criteria for caries diagnosis should be defined before examination
- Common definition of caries diagnosis is a tooth with a detectably soft floor and/or some undermined enamel or break-down in pit or fissure walls
Types of Indices Used
- Indices of dental caries can be divided into three categories: permanent dentition, primary dentition, and mixed dentition
- Indices can express either the number of teeth or surfaces affected
- All caries indices reflect cumulative experience and do not indicate whether the caries process is active at the time of examination
Indices Used for Permanent Dentition
- Prevalence Index: simplest index used for measuring dental caries, describes whether the disease is present or absent
- Slack Index: sensitive classification of the extent of carious lesions
Indices Used for Primary Dentition
- dmf Index: used to score the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition
- dmfs Index: used to score the number of surfaces decayed, missing, and filled in the primary dentition
Indices Used for Mixed Dentition
- def Index: used for children older than age six or seven
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