Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the concept of Life-Span Perspective include?
What does the concept of Life-Span Perspective include?
- A focus on the systematic processes of change and stability in people
- The transitional state that tells a person is fully functional
- A view of development as a lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual process (correct)
- The scientific study of early traits and characteristics that persist through life
Which aspect of development focuses on the growth of the body and brain?
Which aspect of development focuses on the growth of the body and brain?
- Physical Development (correct)
- Social Construction
- Cognitive Development
- Psychosocial Development
Which issue addresses the degree to which development involves cumulative change?
Which issue addresses the degree to which development involves cumulative change?
- Social Construction
- Stability-Change Issue
- Continuity-Discontinuity (correct)
- Maturation
What is described as the concept of learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity?
What is described as the concept of learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity?
Which term describes the emotions, personality, and social relationships aspect of development?
Which term describes the emotions, personality, and social relationships aspect of development?
What does heritability specifically refer to?
What does heritability specifically refer to?
Which research design is used to determine the genetic basis of traits by comparing biological and adoptive relatives?
Which research design is used to determine the genetic basis of traits by comparing biological and adoptive relatives?
What is the focus of behavioral genetics?
What is the focus of behavioral genetics?
What does a high concordance rate indicate?
What does a high concordance rate indicate?
Which attribute is selectively bred in animals to study its heritability?
Which attribute is selectively bred in animals to study its heritability?
What does a son experiencing the Oedipus Complex fear will happen as a result of his desires?
What does a son experiencing the Oedipus Complex fear will happen as a result of his desires?
How is the Electra Complex resolved in girls?
How is the Electra Complex resolved in girls?
What underlying fear does 'Castration Anxiety' pertain to in psychosexual development?
What underlying fear does 'Castration Anxiety' pertain to in psychosexual development?
Which defense mechanism involves redirecting an unwanted feeling from a more threatening person to a weaker one?
Which defense mechanism involves redirecting an unwanted feeling from a more threatening person to a weaker one?
What phase of psychosexual development involves sublimating sexual urges into sports and hobbies?
What phase of psychosexual development involves sublimating sexual urges into sports and hobbies?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of fair and just treatment to access and benefit from psychological practices?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of fair and just treatment to access and benefit from psychological practices?
Which component is NOT included under the principle of Respect for People's Rights and Dignity?
Which component is NOT included under the principle of Respect for People's Rights and Dignity?
What is a core requirement emphasized under the Competent Caring principle?
What is a core requirement emphasized under the Competent Caring principle?
Which of the following is emphasized by the Integrity principle?
Which of the following is emphasized by the Integrity principle?
What is a key responsibility highlighted under Professional and Scientific Responsibilities to Society?
What is a key responsibility highlighted under Professional and Scientific Responsibilities to Society?
Which term describes the genetic makeup causing a child to evoke specific reactions from others?
Which term describes the genetic makeup causing a child to evoke specific reactions from others?
What consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by parents?
What consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by parents?
Which context of development includes the combination of economic and social factors?
Which context of development includes the combination of economic and social factors?
What is described as the overgeneralization that obscures variations within a society?
What is described as the overgeneralization that obscures variations within a society?
Which term is defined as the modifiability of performance in development?
Which term is defined as the modifiability of performance in development?
Under which condition is informed consent not required for conducting research?
Under which condition is informed consent not required for conducting research?
Which of the following is NOT a condition for dispensing with informed consent?
Which of the following is NOT a condition for dispensing with informed consent?
When is it necessary for researchers to obtain permission for recording images or voices?
When is it necessary for researchers to obtain permission for recording images or voices?
What should be avoided to prevent coercion in research participation?
What should be avoided to prevent coercion in research participation?
What must researchers do when their study involves deception?
What must researchers do when their study involves deception?
What obligation do researchers have regarding the data of other competent professionals who intend to reanalyze it after publication?
What obligation do researchers have regarding the data of other competent professionals who intend to reanalyze it after publication?
What must researchers ensure when using animal subjects in their studies?
What must researchers ensure when using animal subjects in their studies?
What principle regarding authorship credit must researchers adhere to?
What principle regarding authorship credit must researchers adhere to?
Which type of study is most likely to encounter ethical issues due to manipulation?
Which type of study is most likely to encounter ethical issues due to manipulation?
Which research design is valuable in debunking the logic that Western developed theories can be universally applied?
Which research design is valuable in debunking the logic that Western developed theories can be universally applied?
Which type of research design is specifically noted for its low external validity?
Which type of research design is specifically noted for its low external validity?
Which study type lacks random assignment and controls over extraneous variables?
Which study type lacks random assignment and controls over extraneous variables?
Which of the following types of studies is best for establishing cause-and-effect relationships?
Which of the following types of studies is best for establishing cause-and-effect relationships?
Which research design can study multiple influences operating in natural settings?
Which research design can study multiple influences operating in natural settings?
Which research method is particularly noted for being open to observer bias?
Which research method is particularly noted for being open to observer bias?
Which type of study aims to explore sources of behavior and test treatments, but does not permit strong causal statements?
Which type of study aims to explore sources of behavior and test treatments, but does not permit strong causal statements?
Which developmental theory states that children are born with an inherent goodness and develop negatively only when corrupted by society?
Which developmental theory states that children are born with an inherent goodness and develop negatively only when corrupted by society?
What type of change involves an increase in number or amount, addressing aspects such as height or vocabulary size?
What type of change involves an increase in number or amount, addressing aspects such as height or vocabulary size?
Which concept in developmental theories deals with the sudden appearance of new qualities that were not present before?
Which concept in developmental theories deals with the sudden appearance of new qualities that were not present before?
Which developmental model suggests that individuals generate their own development by initiating events?
Which developmental model suggests that individuals generate their own development by initiating events?
According to which theory, people are likened to machines that only respond to environmental input?
According to which theory, people are likened to machines that only respond to environmental input?
Which developmental perspective emphasizes genetic predispositions as the primary driver of development?
Which developmental perspective emphasizes genetic predispositions as the primary driver of development?
Who proposed that all children acquire language in the same manner?
Who proposed that all children acquire language in the same manner?
Which principle from the APA General Principles emphasizes the importance of minimizing harm?
Which principle from the APA General Principles emphasizes the importance of minimizing harm?
Which study design allows researchers to track the same individuals over an extended period to observe long-term trends?
Which study design allows researchers to track the same individuals over an extended period to observe long-term trends?
What is a significant disadvantage of the cross-sectional study design?
What is a significant disadvantage of the cross-sectional study design?
Which type of research design is described when data are collected on successive cross-sectional or longitudinal samples?
Which type of research design is described when data are collected on successive cross-sectional or longitudinal samples?
Which developmental theory emphasizes the role of innate biological drives and early experiences in shaping later behavior?
Which developmental theory emphasizes the role of innate biological drives and early experiences in shaping later behavior?
What characteristic differentiates a quasi-experiment from other experimental designs?
What characteristic differentiates a quasi-experiment from other experimental designs?
Which drawback is common to both longitudinal and sequential study designs?
Which drawback is common to both longitudinal and sequential study designs?
Why can longitudinal studies provide insight into individual patterns of continuity and change?
Why can longitudinal studies provide insight into individual patterns of continuity and change?
What is one main advantage of using a sequential study design?
What is one main advantage of using a sequential study design?
Study Notes
Research Design Overview
- Quasi-Experiment: compares people who have been accidentally assigned to separate groups due to circumstances that are out of the researcher's control.
Study Types
Cross-Sectional Studies
- Children of different ages are assessed at one point in time to find differences
- Pros: more economical, quicker to conduct
- Cons: cannot find causes and effects, results can be affected by differences due to social/historical context
Longitudinal Studies
- Study the same people over time, can be conducted over years
- Pros: provides insight into long-term trends, tracks individual differences and change over time
- Cons: time-consuming and expensive, possibility of participant drop-out, more difficult to control confounding variables
Sequential Studies
- Collect data on successive cross-sectional or longitudinal samples
- Pros: allows researchers to separate age-related change from cohort effects, offers a more complete picture of development
- Cons: time-consuming and expensive, requires more than one researcher, may require a larger number of participants for each sample
Developmental Theories
Psychosexual Theory by Freud
- Humans are born with instinctive drives like hunger, sex, and aggression
- These drives are shaped by early experiences
- People are driven by motives and emotional conflicts
- They may not be aware that their motivations stem from early experiences
Ethical Considerations in Research
- Seek individual's assent, provide an explanation, consider their best interest, and obtain permission from their guardians
- Must appropriately document written or oral consent, permission, or assent
- Permission for recording images or voices is needed unless the research consists of solely naturalistic observations in public places or research designed includes deception
- Consent must be obtained during debriefing
Developmental Psychology
Learning
- How a person adapts to the environment
Behavioral Genetics
- Scientific study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences among people and animals are responsible for differences in their traits
Heritability
- Proportion of all the variability in a trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals
Research Designs
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Family Studies
Concordance Rate
- The percentage of pairs of people studied in which if one member of a pair displays the trait, the other does too
General Principles of APA
Respect for Dignity of Persons and Peoples
- Respect for all human beings, diversity, culture, beliefs
- Free and informed consent
- Privacy, fairness, and justice
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Description
Learn about different research design types, including quasi-experiments, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential studies. Understand their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
