29 Questions
What is a primary purpose of conducting a literature review in research?
To identify gaps in current knowledge
What is a key consideration when setting research objectives?
Aligning the objectives with research design and methodology
What is the primary objective of a research design?
To collect and analyze data to answer research questions or test hypotheses
What is a characteristic of a well-defined research objective?
It is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound
What is a key consideration when conducting a critical appraisal of study quality and bias?
Evaluating the inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies
Which type of research design lacks random assignment of participants to groups?
Quasi-experimental design
What is the outcome of synthesizing findings and identifying patterns in a literature review?
A conceptual framework for the research
What is the primary focus of qualitative methodology?
Exploring attitudes, opinions, and behaviors
What is the primary objective of a literature review?
To critically analyze existing research on a specific topic or issue
What is internal validity concerned with?
Causal relationships between variables
Which type of research design is also known as an observational study?
Non-experimental design
What is the primary purpose of stating hypotheses in a research design?
To test directional or null relationships between variables
What is the main distinction between a research question and a hypothesis?
Research questions are answered, while hypotheses are tested
What is the primary purpose of delimitations in a research study?
To narrow the focus of the study to make it more manageable
What is the primary difference between scope and limitations in a research study?
Scope refers to what is included in the study, while limitations refer to the validity and reliability of the study
What is the primary purpose of stating the scope of a research study?
To narrow the focus of the study to make it more manageable
What is the primary purpose of identifying limitations in a research study?
To acknowledge the potential weaknesses or flaws in the research design or methodology
What is the primary purpose of the background of the study?
To establish the significance of the research problem
What is the primary function of the introduction in a research paper?
To set the stage for the entire paper by establishing the nature of the problem
What is the purpose of narrowing down the general problem to a subtopic?
To identify the specific problem or issue being addressed
What is the primary purpose of citing previous research findings in the background of the study?
To demonstrate the significance of the research problem
What is the relationship between the general problem and the subtopic in the background of the study?
The subtopic is a subset of the general problem
What is the primary focus of the background of the study?
To provide an overview of the research problem and its significance
What is the primary purpose of presenting the broad problem and relevant literature in a research study?
To identify knowledge gaps or controversies
What should be the focus of the 'Statement of the Problem' section in a research study?
To answer a specific question
What is the purpose of presenting a specific problem or topic in a research study?
To add to current knowledge of a problem or a vulnerable population
What should be the general objective of a research study?
To evaluate the …… by a valid or ISO test
What is the purpose of presenting the potential utility of a research study?
To add to current knowledge of a problem or a vulnerable population
How should the first line of every paragraph in the introduction be formatted?
Indented and aligned to the left
Study Notes
Research Design
- Definition: A blueprint for collecting and analyzing data to answer research questions or test hypotheses.
- Types:
- Experimental design: Manipulate independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables.
- Quasi-experimental design: Lack random assignment of participants to groups.
- Non-experimental design: Observational studies without manipulation of variables.
- Key considerations:
- Internal validity: Ensure causal relationships between variables.
- External validity: Generalizability of findings to broader populations.
Methodology
- Definition: The systematic and structured process used to collect and analyze data.
- Types:
- Qualitative: Focus on non-numerical data, exploring attitudes, opinions, and behaviors.
- Quantitative: Focus on numerical data, testing hypotheses and predicting outcomes.
- Key considerations:
- Data collection methods: Surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, etc.
- Data analysis techniques: Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, data modeling, etc.
Literature Review
- Definition: A critical analysis of existing research on a specific topic or issue.
- Purposes:
- Identify gaps in current knowledge
- Inform research questions and objectives
- Guide methodology and design
- Contextualize findings
- Key considerations:
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies
- Critical appraisal of study quality and bias
- Synthesis of findings and identification of patterns
Objective Setting
- Definition: Clearly defined and measurable goals that guide the research process.
- Characteristics:
- Specific: Well-defined and easy to understand
- Measurable: Quantifiable outcomes or targets
- Achievable: Realistic and feasible
- Relevant: Aligns with research questions and hypotheses
- Time-bound: Specific deadlines or timelines
- Key considerations:
- Clarity and specificity of objectives
- Alignment with research design and methodology
- Need for flexibility and adaptability in response to emerging findings
Research Design
- A blueprint for collecting and analyzing data to answer research questions or test hypotheses.
- Three types of research designs:
- Experimental design: Manipulate independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables.
- Quasi-experimental design: Lack random assignment of participants to groups.
- Non-experimental design: Observational studies without manipulation of variables.
- Two key considerations:
- Internal validity: Ensure causal relationships between variables.
- External validity: Generalizability of findings to broader populations.
Methodology
- The systematic and structured process used to collect and analyze data.
- Two types of methodologies:
- Qualitative: Focus on non-numerical data, exploring attitudes, opinions, and behaviors.
- Quantitative: Focus on numerical data, testing hypotheses and predicting outcomes.
- Key considerations:
- Data collection methods: Surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, etc.
- Data analysis techniques: Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, data modeling, etc.
Literature Review
- A critical analysis of existing research on a specific topic or issue.
- Four purposes:
- Identify gaps in current knowledge.
- Inform research questions and objectives.
- Guide methodology and design.
- Contextualize findings.
- Key considerations:
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies.
- Critical appraisal of study quality and bias.
- Synthesis of findings and identification of patterns.
Objective Setting
- Clearly defined and measurable goals that guide the research process.
- Five characteristics:
- Specific: Well-defined and easy to understand.
- Measurable: Quantifiable outcomes or targets.
- Achievable: Realistic and feasible.
- Relevant: Aligns with research questions and hypotheses.
- Time-bound: Specific deadlines or timelines.
- Key considerations:
- Clarity and specificity of objectives.
- Alignment with research design and methodology.
- Need for flexibility and adaptability in response to emerging findings.
Understand the basics of research design, including types such as experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs, and key considerations like internal validity.
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