Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of nominal measurement?
Which of the following is a characteristic of nominal measurement?
What type of error is predictable and consistently occurs in the same direction?
What type of error is predictable and consistently occurs in the same direction?
In the research planning process, which step involves determining the group of people or objects to study?
In the research planning process, which step involves determining the group of people or objects to study?
Which type of validity refers to the extent to which a measure correlates with an established criterion?
Which type of validity refers to the extent to which a measure correlates with an established criterion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of quality control methods in data collection?
What is the main purpose of quality control methods in data collection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of measurement involves assigning numbers to objects or events according to rules?
Which type of measurement involves assigning numbers to objects or events according to rules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting a measure?
Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when selecting a measure?
Signup and view all the answers
Performance-oriented measures are based on:
Performance-oriented measures are based on:
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of measurement involves categories with order, equal intervals, and an arbitrary zero point?
Which level of measurement involves categories with order, equal intervals, and an arbitrary zero point?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes quantitative variables from qualitative variables?
What distinguishes quantitative variables from qualitative variables?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Planning and Process of Research
- Formulate a problem to address a research question
- Select a research design to guide the study
- Define the population and sample, with the sample being a representative portion of the population
- Identify the target population, including groups of people, objects, etc.
- Establish a sampling frame to define the population
- Select measurement variables that are relevant to the research problem, reliable, and sensitive
- Identify instruments for measuring variables, and validate them for the specific population
- Collect data, using quality control methods to ensure accuracy
- Analyze data, interpret findings, and disseminate the results
Factors to Consider When Selecting a Measure
- Purpose: determine the research question being addressed
- Public vs. Private: consider the level of sensitivity required
- Direct vs. Indirect: decide whether to measure the construct directly or indirectly
- Objective vs. Subjective: choose whether to focus on what is or what is believed to be
- Standardized vs. Customized: select between standardized measures for comparisons or customized measures for specific populations
- Individual vs. Collective: decide whether to measure individual or group characteristics
- Performance-Oriented vs. Self-Report: choose between measuring performance or self-reported data
- Cognitive vs. Affective: focus on intellectual functioning or emotions/feelings
- Psychomotor: assess motor skills and dexterity
- Verbal vs. Nonverbal: decide whether to use written/spoken language or non-language based methods
The Nature of Measurement
- Measurement: assigning numbers to objects or events according to rules
- Data: collected measurements
- Data points: individual measurements
- Data set: a group of data points
- Variables: traits or characteristics that can be measured
- Quantitative variables: vary in amount and can be measured in units
- Qualitative variables: vary in kind and are not measured in units
- Discrete variables: have a limited number of values with no values between points
- Continuous variables: have an infinite number of values with values between points
- Levels of Measurement: including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales
Scales and Indices
- Scales: instruments that measure variables
- Indices: combine multiple variables to create a more complex measure
Types of Measurement
- Measurement Error: the difference between the true score and the observed score
- Systematic Error: predictable error
- Random Error: unpredictable error
- Reliability: the consistency of measurement
- Validity: the accuracy of measurement, including content, criterion-related, and construct validity
- Sensitivity: the ability of a measure to detect changes in the variable
- Specificity: the ability of a measure to detect changes in only the intended variable
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the crucial steps in planning and conducting research, including formulating a problem, selecting a research design, defining the population and sample, and identifying measurement variables. Test your knowledge of the research process and improve your skills in research methodology.
