Research Chapter III: Design and Methodology
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Questions and Answers

What types of data are typically utilized in a quantitative research approach?

  • Qualitative data
  • Numerical data (correct)
  • Textual data
  • Descriptive data

    • Which of the following is NOT a component of the research design section in the provided chapter?

  • Statistical treatment (correct)
  • Ethical considerations
  • Sampling technique
  • Data gathering procedure

    • What is the main purpose of the research project described in this chapter?

  • To develop a game-based learning application (correct)
  • To compare ICT concepts with traditional teaching methods
  • To assess the effectiveness of online learning
  • To create a traditional learning application

    • What type of research approach is used in this study?

    <p>Mixed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a data gathering procedure mentioned in the chapter?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary setting for this research?

    <p>A high school (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the chapter, how are ICT concepts and game development principles utilized?

    <p>To develop a game-based learning application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of collecting data from the research respondents?

    <p>To assess the alignment of the game with educational objectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used in stratified sampling?

    <p>Dividing the population into groups and selecting randomly from each (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling technique focuses on studying all members of randomly selected groups?

    <p>Cluster sampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes convenience sampling?

    <p>Participants are selected for their easy accessibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sampling method intentionally targets a specific group based on criteria?

    <p>Purposive sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In snowball sampling, what role do existing participants play?

    <p>They help identify and recommend new participants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of quota sampling?

    <p>Participants are chosen based on availability to meet specific numbers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are research respondents?

    <p>Individuals who provide data for the research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a research instrument typically validated?

    <p>By consulting experts and pre-testing the instrument (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research design involves collecting data to answer "what", "when", and "how" questions about a specific group?

    <p>Descriptive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research design is most suitable for identifying a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?

    <p>Experimental (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a quasi-experimental design, why is it not considered a true experiment?

    <p>It cannot fully control all variables. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between simple random sampling and systematic sampling?

    <p>Systematic sampling involves randomly selecting every nth individual, while simple random sampling uses a lottery system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical phase in the development of an app?

    <p>Market Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of creating a flowchart for an app?

    <p>To outline the app's functionalities and their flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Researchers should justify their research design choice to ensure:

    <p>It aligns with the research question and objectives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary purpose of descriptive statistics in research?

    <p>To summarize data using graphs and tables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why researchers might employ the descriptive research design?

    <p>To establish cause-and-effect relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines inferential statistics?

    <p>Methods that help in generalizing findings to a larger population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical consideration ensures participants understand the study's purpose and risks?

    <p>Informed Consent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical component of ensuring data privacy in research?

    <p>Protecting personal information from unauthorized access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is proper acknowledgment essential in research?

    <p>To avoid plagiarism and credit original sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of statistical treatment, which defines a summary statistic?

    <p>A numerical representation summarizing data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should researchers prioritize to maintain ethical integrity during their study?

    <p>Ensuring participants' rights are protected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of ethical considerations in research?

    <p>Effective advertising (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Research Design

    A framework for collecting and analyzing data.

    Data Gathering

    The process of collecting information for research.

    Quantitative Approach

    A research method focusing on numerical data and statistics.

    Qualitative Approach

    A research method focusing on non-numerical data like opinions.

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    Mixed Methods Approach

    Combines both quantitative and qualitative research methods.

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    Research Instruments

    Tools used for data collection in research studies.

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    Sampling Technique

    A method to select participants for a study.

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    Ethical Considerations

    Guidelines to ensure the research is conducted morally and responsibly.

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    Stratified Sampling

    Dividing a population into strata and randomly selecting from each group.

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    Cluster Sampling

    Selecting entire groups (clusters) instead of individual participants.

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    Convenience Sampling

    Choosing participants who are easily accessible to researchers.

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    Purposive Sampling

    Selecting participants based on specific criteria relevant to your study.

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    Snowball Sampling

    Existing participants help recruit more participants for the study.

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    Quota Sampling

    Selecting a specific number of participants from defined groups, non-randomly.

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    Research Respondents

    Individuals who participate in a study providing data through various methods.

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    Quantitative Research Design

    A design that uses numerical data to answer research questions through systematic methods.

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    Descriptive Research

    Research design that describes the characteristics of a population without manipulating variables.

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    Experimental Research

    A research design that controls variables to identify cause-and-effect relationships.

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    Quasi-Experimental Research

    Research that resembles an experiment but lacks random assignment of subjects.

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    Simple Random Sampling

    A sampling method where each individual has an equal chance of being selected.

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    Systematic Sampling

    A method where every nth individual is selected from a list.

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    Project Design in Research

    The framework and rationale for how a research project will be developed and executed.

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    Statistical Treatment

    Methods applied to analyze and interpret data in research.

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    Descriptive Statistics

    Statistical methods that summarize data using graphs or charts.

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    Inferential Statistics

    Statistical methods used to make predictions and test hypotheses.

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    Informed Consent

    Participants agree to take part in a study after understanding its risks and benefits.

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    Data Privacy

    Protecting personal information of research participants from unauthorized access.

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    Proper Acknowledgment

    Giving credit to sources and avoiding plagiarism in research.

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    Variables in Statistics

    Elements like mean, median, and mode used in data analysis.

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    Researcher Integrity

    Following ethical guidelines to ensure the study is responsible and fair.

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    Study Notes

    Research: Chapter III - Research Design and Methodology

    • The design of the pandemic-ready house is based on the preferences of grade 9 and 10 students at Junior High School of San Beda University Rizal.
    • This chapter details the process used to gather information for the study.
    • Components include research design and approach, sampling technique, respondents, instruments, data gathering, validation, and statistical treatment.

    Research Approach

    • Research approach are the strategies, processes, or techniques used to collect data and evidence for analysis.
    • The goal is to uncover new information or create a better understanding of a topic.

    How to Write a Research Approach

    • Define the approach/es used in research.
    • Explain why the researchers chose this approach.
    • Justify and narrate the approach well.

    Mixed Research Design

    • A mixed research design uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
    • It comprises philosophical assumptions and methods of inquiry.
    • Combining quantitative and qualitative data generates a better understanding of research problems.
    • Mixed methods research involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting quantitative and qualitative data.

    Quantitative Research

    • Quantitative research uses a deductive approach.
    • It breaks down information into controllable parts for easier understanding.
    • Experimentation and observation are tools used to test relationships among variables and gain insight into the surveyed masses.

    Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative research broadens understanding, focusing on perspectives rather than a specific question.
    • It involves investigating participants in context.

    Project Design/Game Development

    • Project design is a detailed plan outlining the game's or application's creation, features, mechanics, interface, and technical requirements.
    • It serves as a blueprint for developers, designers, and testers.
    • Its purpose is to establish a clear structural framework from start to finish.

    Details on What Should be Included in a Project Design

    • Define the app development method.
    • Outline the process, including reasons for chosen design choices.
    • Include a flowchart explaining the app development process (in detail using phases).

    Project Design-Educational Electronic Game (E-Game) Development Methodology

    • The Educational Electronic Game (E-Game) Development Methodology is used to ensure positive learning outcomes for students in Educational Research.
    • Initial phase involves content selection and program design/coding.
    • The E-Game supports learning of Educational Research using interactive methods and collaborative activities, with personalized learning paths.

    Input, Process, and Output of the Model

    • Input: Knowledge requirements (introduction to research curriculum, books, graphics), hardware requirements (PC, laptop specs), and software requirements (e.g., Visual Studio, Photoshop) are essential for a successful project.
    • Process: Includes background analysis, content selection, program flow design, program design, development, implementation, testing, evaluation, and modification, as well as software completion. This procedural aspect ensures the quality and functionality of the design.
    • Output: The expected output is an effective electronic game (E-Game) for Educational Research to be utilized by specifically targeted students for educational purposes.

    Nine Phases of Educational Electronic Game Development Methodology

    • Background Analysis
    • Selection of Game Content
    • Designing of Program Flow
    • Categorizing Game Content
    • Program Development
    • Program Designing
    • Program Testing
    • Evaluation
    • Modification
    • Software Completion

    Research Setting/Research Locale

    • The research setting/location details the specific place where the study was conducted.
    • It aids in providing context by explaining where and why data collection occurred at a particular location.

    Research Locale Specification

    • The study took place in the College of Industrial Education at the Technological University of the Philippines in Manila.
    • The campus was at Ayala Boulevard and San Marcelino Street, Ermita, Manila.

    Sampling Technique

    • Methods: Differentiate probability and non-probability sampling methodologies.
    • Techniques: Enumerate various sampling techniques (simple, systematic, stratified, cluster) and their types (e.g., probability, non-probability).
    • Population and Sample: Define population (all elements or persons in research) and sample (representative subset from population).
    • Probability Sampling: Every member has an equal chance of selection (e.g., Simple, systematic, stratified, cluster sampling).
    • Non-Probability Sampling: Not all members have an equal chance of selection (convenience, purposive, snowball, quota).

    Probability Sampling Techniques

    • Simple Random Sampling: Every individual has an equal chance of being chosen.
    • Systematic Sampling: Picking every nth individual from a list.
    • Stratified Sampling: Dividing population into groups, then randomly selecting individuals from each group.
    • Cluster Sampling: Selecting entire groups (clusters) instead of individuals.

    Non-Probability Sampling Techniques

    • Convenience Sampling: Choosing participants who are easy to access.
    • Purposive Sampling: Selecting participants who meet specific criteria.
    • Snowball Sampling: Existing participants help find more participants.
    • Quota Sampling: Similar to stratified sampling but selection is non-random.

    Sampling size calculation.

    • Systematic sampling method: Randomization and a fixed interval were used to select the sample participants (225 participants).
    • The sample size calculation used the Slovin's formula, which accounted for a 5% margin of error.

    Research Respondents

    • Respondents are individuals who participate in a study.
    • Data collection through surveys, interviews, experiments, or observations.
    • Selection criteria are based on the study's objectives.

    Research Instrument and Validation Process

    • Instruments used for data collection: questionnaires, rating scales, interview guides, observation forms, tally sheets, checklists, tests, personality inventories.
    • Validity refers to how well the instruments measure what they intend to measure.
      • Face Validity: Measures the criterion at face value.
      • Content Validity: Whether the entire domain is fairly represented.
      • Criterion Validity: How related the instrument is to other instruments that measure the same variable.
    • The process of validation:
      • Questionnaire and interview guides were created.
      • The documents underwent face and content validation, reviewed by experts.

    Data Gathering Procedure

    • A survey form and related questions were created and distributed.
    • Multiple groups were set up to accommodate a larger number of students.
    • Data collection concluded when all respondents completed the survey.

    Statistical Treatment

    • Statistical Treatment : Refers to applying statistical methods to analyze data.
    • Descriptive Statistics : Summarizes collected data as graphs or summary statistics (e.g., mean, mode, median).
    • Inferential Statistics : Develops predictions from data by using samples. This process generates inferences about data patterns.
    • Statistical Treatment Examples: The researchers used descriptive statistics using measures of central tendency (mode) to gauge data points.

    How to Write a Statistical Treatment

    • Describe the statistical treatment methodology.
    • Detail analysis justification.
    • Clearly explain all variables used in the chosen formula (e.g., mean, median, mode).

    Ethical Considerations

    • Ethical considerations direct researchers on how to conduct the study.
      • It emphasizes maintaining respect, protecting rights, ensuring well-being, and guaranteeing privacy for the participants.
    • Informed Consent: All participants must understand research purpose, risks, and benefits before participating.
    • Data Privacy: Safeguard personal data from unauthorized use, disclosure, or access.
    • Acknowledgment and Plagiarism Avoidance: Acknowledge and cite sources of information.

    Things to Remember in Writing Chapter 3

    • In-text Citation: Properly cite sources.
    • Formal Language: Use formal, academic language.
    • Verb Tenses: Primarily use past tense.

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    Description

    This quiz covers Chapter III of the research study, focusing on research design and methodology as applied to a pandemic-ready house project. It explores key components such as sampling techniques, validation, data gathering methods, and mixed research designs, tailored to the preferences of junior high school students. Test your understanding of the processes involved in effective research design!

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