PRE ICT Chapter 3 - Research Design and Methodology PDF

Research: Chapter III  RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Research Design Data Gathering and Approach Procedure Sampling Validation of Instruments Technique CHAP...

Research: Chapter III  RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Research Design Data Gathering and Approach Procedure Sampling Validation of Instruments Technique CHAPTER III Research Setting RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Ethical Considerations Research Project Design Research Statistical Respondents Instruments Treatment  Introductory Paragraph In 2-3 sentences, state or introduce on what are the components of the chapter  Introductory Paragraph This chapter presents the research methodology used in developing a game- based learning application within the selected school setting. This chapter focuses on the research design, data collection methods, and tools utilized to assess the effectiveness of the game. Conducted within a high school environment, the study gathers feedback from students and teachers to ensure the game aligns with educational objectives. By applying ICT concepts and game development principles, this research seeks to bridge traditional learning methods with interactive digital experiences. In 2-3 sentences, state or introduce on what are the components of the chapter  Research 01 Approach  Research Approach Quantitative Approach Qualitative Approach - are the strategies, processes or researchers collected techniques utilized in non-numerical the collection of data that Mixedfor data or evidence Approach analysis in order was done through interviews with to uncover new information or create professionals in the better understanding of a topic study  How to Write? Definitions of the approach/es used in research Reasons why the researchers used the said approach Make sure to justify and narrate well  Research 02 Design Research Design  Different Research Designs (Quantitative) Quasi- Descriptive Experimental Experimental describe the characteristics of a uses scientific method identifies a cause and population. It collects to identify and effect relationship data that are used to impose control over between two answer a wide range all other variables variables. It has of what, when, and except one aspects in common how questions with experimentation pertaining to a but cannot be particular population considered a true or group experiment. Different Research Designs (Qualitative)  Project Design 03 / Game Development  Project Design / Game Development  What should be included? (Note: Application Program Flow is included here) Narrate the Create a Definition of flowchart on the app process and reasons why how the app development was developed method your the project design is and explain it group will use. in full details chosen using PHASES.  Research 04 Setting/ Research Locale Research Setting/ Research Locale  SAMPLING 05 TECHNIQUE  Probability 05 Sampling Techniques Simple Random Example: If you have 200 students in your school, Every individual in the population you randomly pick 50 names from a list using a has an equal chance of being lottery system. chosen. Systematic Sampling Example: If you have a list of 500 students, you pick every 10th student (10th, 20th, 30th, etc.). selecting every nth individual from a list. Stratified Sampling Example: If you want to study the effect of a game the population is divided into groups on different grade levels, you divide students into (strata), and individuals are randomly Grade 8, Grade 9, and Grade 10, then randomly selected from each group. select participants from each group. Cluster Sampling Example: Instead of picking individual students, you Instead of selecting individuals, randomly select 3 classes from different sections you select entire groups (clusters). and study all the students in those classes.  Non-Probability 05 Sampling Techniques Convenience Sampling Example: Surveying students in your own class Choosing participants who are because they are readily available. easy to access. Purposive Sampling Example: If your game is for students struggling with math, you only choose those who have low Selecting participants who meet math scores. specific criteria. Snowball Sampling Example: If you are researching students who play Existing participants help find more educational games, you start with a few students participants. and ask them to recommend others who also play. Quota Sampling Example: If you need 50 students (25 boys and 25 Similar to stratified sampling, but girls), you select them based on availability rather selection is non-random. than randomly.  What should be included? Narrate the Explain what Definition of process of method of sampling getting the sampling was technique and sample size used and why reason why is and include you have it needed in a the slovin’s chosen the research. formula specific respondents 06 Research Respondents Research Respondents are the individuals who participate in a study by providing data through surveys, interviews, experiments, or observations. They are selected based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives.  Research 07 Instruments Used & Validation Process  How to WRITE? Introduce what research instrument is and what instrument did your group use Narrate how did your group make the questionnaire Narrate/ Explain how was the survey questionnaire validated. (Face and Content Validity)  Data 08 Gathering Procedure  Data Gathering Procedure - Narrate the process of how the group conducted the survey and/or interview  Statistical 09 Treatment STATISTICAL TREATMENT catch all term which means to apply any statistical method to your data. Treatments are divided into two groups: descriptive statistics, which summarize your data as a graph or summary statistic and inferential statistics, which make predictions and test hypotheses about your data.  Statistical Treatments Descriptive Summary Statistic and statistics Inferential Statistics uses methods that What do you think make predictions reduce the is the best (“inferences”) from presentation of data that data. With Statistical through graphs and inferential statistics, tables that are treatment for your you take data from represented by sums research? samples and and averages. generalize about a population  How to WRITE? Describe what Statistical treatment or analysis did your group use and justify your decision Explain the meaning of all variables used in the formula (mean, median , mode etc) 10 Ethical Considerations Ethical considerations are guidelines that ensure a research study is conducted responsibly, protecting participants' rights, well- being, and privacy. Researchers must follow ethical principles to maintain fairness and integrity.  KEY ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. Informed Consent- Participants must willingly agree to be part of the study and understand its purpose, risks, and benefits. Example: Before testing an educational game, students and parents sign a consent form allowing them to participate. 2. Data Privacy Data privacy is a critical ethical consideration that ensures participants' personal information is protected from misuse, unauthorized access, or disclosure. Researchers must handle data responsibly to maintain confidentiality and trust. 3. Proper Acknowledgment and Plagiarism Avoidance Researchers should give credit to sources and avoid copying others’ work. Example: If you use existing studies on game-based learning, you must cite them properly.  THINGS TO 11 REMEMBER IN WRITING CHAPTER 3  TAKE NOTE ALWAYS!!! 1. IN-TEXT CITATION 2. FORMAL LANGUAGE 3. VERB TENSES (PAST TENSE)