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What is the primary function of the reproductive systems?
What is the primary function of the reproductive systems?
To perpetuate the species through sexual or germ cell fertilization and reproduction.
The uterus is a round, muscular organ.
The uterus is a round, muscular organ.
False
What is the rounded top portion of the uterus called?
What is the rounded top portion of the uterus called?
Fundus
Which of the following can weaken the ligaments supporting the uterus?
Which of the following can weaken the ligaments supporting the uterus?
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What are the three layers of the uterus wall?
What are the three layers of the uterus wall?
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What is the diameter of the cervical opening?
What is the diameter of the cervical opening?
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What are the three main functions of the uterus?
What are the three main functions of the uterus?
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What is the tube that widens to form the ampulla?
What is the tube that widens to form the ampulla?
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What are the finger-like projections around the opening of the fallopian tube called?
What are the finger-like projections around the opening of the fallopian tube called?
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What is the opening of the fallopian tube called?
What is the opening of the fallopian tube called?
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How long is the fallopian tube?
How long is the fallopian tube?
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What happens if an egg is fertilized?
What happens if an egg is fertilized?
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What are the egg-containing sacs called?
What are the egg-containing sacs called?
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What is another name for an egg?
What is another name for an egg?
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What is a mature follicle called?
What is a mature follicle called?
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Ovulation occurs every 28 days.
Ovulation occurs every 28 days.
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What is the process of releasing the ovum/egg called?
What is the process of releasing the ovum/egg called?
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What happens to the follicle after it ruptures?
What happens to the follicle after it ruptures?
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What does the corpus luteum produce?
What does the corpus luteum produce?
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What is the female organ for copulation?
What is the female organ for copulation?
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How long is the vagina?
How long is the vagina?
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What are the 5 organs that make up the vulva?
What are the 5 organs that make up the vulva?
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What is the area located between the vaginal opening and the anus called?
What is the area located between the vaginal opening and the anus called?
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What is the surgical incision called that some doctors use to prevent uncontrolled tearing of the perineum during childbirth?
What is the surgical incision called that some doctors use to prevent uncontrolled tearing of the perineum during childbirth?
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What are the breasts?
What are the breasts?
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How many glandular lobes does each breast have?
How many glandular lobes does each breast have?
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Which hormone stimulates the lobules to produce milk?
Which hormone stimulates the lobules to produce milk?
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What is the dark-colored circle around the tip of the breast called?
What is the dark-colored circle around the tip of the breast called?
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The first secretion from the breast is called colostrum.
The first secretion from the breast is called colostrum.
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What is the onset of the menstrual cycle called?
What is the onset of the menstrual cycle called?
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What is the cessation of the menstrual cycle called?
What is the cessation of the menstrual cycle called?
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How many phases does the menstrual cycle have?
How many phases does the menstrual cycle have?
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What is the thickened lining of the endometrium that is shed during menstruation called?
What is the thickened lining of the endometrium that is shed during menstruation called?
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What is the period just prior to the follicular phase characterized by?
What is the period just prior to the follicular phase characterized by?
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What hormone is produced by the ovaries during the ovulatory phase?
What hormone is produced by the ovaries during the ovulatory phase?
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The luteal phase follows ovulation.
The luteal phase follows ovulation.
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What is the temporary, progesterone-producing structure that develops after ovulation?
What is the temporary, progesterone-producing structure that develops after ovulation?
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What is the moment of conception called?
What is the moment of conception called?
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What is the resulting cell after fertilization called?
What is the resulting cell after fertilization called?
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What is the name of the structure that forms from the dividing zygote?
What is the name of the structure that forms from the dividing zygote?
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The embryo is called an embryo for the entire pregnancy.
The embryo is called an embryo for the entire pregnancy.
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The embryo is suspended in an amniotic sac that is filled with fluid.
The embryo is suspended in an amniotic sac that is filled with fluid.
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What connects the embryo to the placenta?
What connects the embryo to the placenta?
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What is the main task of the embryo during the last trimester?
What is the main task of the embryo during the last trimester?
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What is the onset of labor marked by?
What is the onset of labor marked by?
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What is the most common type of delivery?
What is the most common type of delivery?
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What is delivery through an incision in the abdomen called?
What is delivery through an incision in the abdomen called?
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What is the cheesy coating that may cover a newborn called?
What is the cheesy coating that may cover a newborn called?
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What is the downy hair that may cover a newborn called?
What is the downy hair that may cover a newborn called?
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What scale is used to evaluate the health of the newborn immediately after birth?
What scale is used to evaluate the health of the newborn immediately after birth?
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What is the condition where the placenta develops over the opening of the cervix called?
What is the condition where the placenta develops over the opening of the cervix called?
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What is the pregnancy-induced hypertension that causes high blood pressure called?
What is the pregnancy-induced hypertension that causes high blood pressure called?
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What is the loss of a fetus during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy called?
What is the loss of a fetus during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy called?
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What is the pouch of skin that contains the testes called?
What is the pouch of skin that contains the testes called?
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The scrotum is divided into two sacs, each containing a testicle and epididymis.
The scrotum is divided into two sacs, each containing a testicle and epididymis.
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What happens to the scrotum in the absence of sufficient heat?
What happens to the scrotum in the absence of sufficient heat?
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What is the tube that runs the length of the penis from the bladder to the meatus?
What is the tube that runs the length of the penis from the bladder to the meatus?
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What causes an erection of the penis?
What causes an erection of the penis?
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What is the lubricant produced under the prepuce of the penis called?
What is the lubricant produced under the prepuce of the penis called?
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The glans of the penis is filled with nerve endings.
The glans of the penis is filled with nerve endings.
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What are the oval-shaped testes located in the scrotum called?
What are the oval-shaped testes located in the scrotum called?
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What is the tube coiled and lying on the side of each testicle called?
What is the tube coiled and lying on the side of each testicle called?
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What are the coiled tubes within the lobule of the testes called?
What are the coiled tubes within the lobule of the testes called?
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Where are mature sperm stored?
Where are mature sperm stored?
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What does the acrosome of the sperm contain that helps it penetrate the ova?
What does the acrosome of the sperm contain that helps it penetrate the ova?
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The head of the sperm carries the genetic material.
The head of the sperm carries the genetic material.
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The midpiece of the sperm provides energy.
The midpiece of the sperm provides energy.
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What does the tail or flagellum of the sperm provide?
What does the tail or flagellum of the sperm provide?
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What are the muscular tubes that transport sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles?
What are the muscular tubes that transport sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles?
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What do the seminal vesicles produce?
What do the seminal vesicles produce?
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What is the function of the semen?
What is the function of the semen?
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What does the prostate gland secrete?
What does the prostate gland secrete?
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What is the condition that results from enlargement of the prostate?
What is the condition that results from enlargement of the prostate?
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What are the Cowper's or bulbourethral glands responsible for producing?
What are the Cowper's or bulbourethral glands responsible for producing?
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Where is the bulbourethral gland secretion excreted?
Where is the bulbourethral gland secretion excreted?
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Study Notes
Reproductive System Overview
- The reproductive systems in both males and females contain primary and secondary sex organs and glands.
- The primary function is perpetuating the species through sexual or germ cell fertilization and reproduction.
Female Reproductive System: Uterus
- The uterus is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ, roughly the size of a clenched fist.
- It normally has an anteflexion (tilted forward) position.
- It can be divided into the body (corpus) and the cervix (lower portion).
- The fundus is the rounded top portion above the fallopian tubes.
- The uterus is supported by ligaments. Trauma, disease, or multiple pregnancies can weaken these ligaments, potentially resulting in abnormal positioning.
- The uterus wall has three layers: perimetrium (outer layer), myometrium (muscular middle layer), and endometrium (inner mucous membrane lining).
- The cervical opening is about the size of a pencil.
- Functions:
- The endometrium sheds every 21-40 days through menstruation.
- Provides protection and nourishment for the fetus during pregnancy.
- Contracts during labor to expel the fetus.
Female Reproductive System: Fallopian Tubes
- A tube that widens to form the ampulla and is connected to the uterus.
- The fallopian tube ends in the infundibulum (funnel-shaped end) with finger-like projections (fimbriae). These structures capture the egg released by the ovary and transport it to the uterus.
- The egg takes 3-4 days to travel through the tube.
- Fertilization typically occurs within the fallopian tube.
Female Reproductive System: Ovaries
- Paired organs located on either side of the uterus.
- Oval-shaped and approximately the size of a large olive.
- Filled with follicles containing immature eggs (ova).
- Every 21 days, a follicle matures (graafian follicle).
- Rupture of the follicle releases the egg, a process known as ovulation.
- After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, a temporary structure that secretes progesterone.
Female Reproductive System: Vagina
- Extends from the cervix to the outside of the body.
- A muscular tube approximately 3.5 inches long that expands in length and width during arousal.
- The vagina receives the semen during sexual intercourse and serves as the birth canal during childbirth
- Is a passageway for menstruation.
Female Reproductive System: Vulva
- Composed of several structures: mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, and clitoris.
- The perineum is the area between the vaginal opening and the anus.
- It is a muscular sheet susceptible to tearing during childbirth.
Female Reproductive System: Breasts
- Mammary glands varying in size based on age, heredity, and fat tissue.
- Each breast contains 15-20 glandular lobes separated by connective tissue.
- After childbirth, the pituitary gland stimulates the lobules with prolactin, leading to milk production.
- The areola is the dark-colored circle around the nipple, contains sebaceous glands (oil-producing).
- The first secretion is called colostrum, containing nutrients and antibodies to protect the baby.
Female Reproductive System: Menstrual Cycle
- Cycle begins at puberty and ceases at menopause.
- Consists of three phases: follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and luteal phase
Female Reproductive System: Pregnancy
- Fertilization of an egg by a sperm forms the zygote.
- The developing embryo implants in the uterus, with progesterone production increasing.
- The embryo is suspended in an amniotic sac.
- The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the placenta, providing nutrients and oxygen.
- From week 2 to 8 the developing embryo is called an embryo.
- Pregnancy is 280 days (approximately 40 weeks or 9 months).
- Labor involves muscle contractions, cervix dilation and effacement, expulsion of the mucous plug and expulsion of the fetus.
Male Reproductive System: Scrotum
- A pouch of skin containing the testicles and epididymis, where temperature is regulated.
- Scrotal tissue contracts/relaxes to maintain optimal temperature for sperm production.
Male Reproductive System: Penis
- The urethra runs through the penis, from the bladder to the meatus..
- The penis fills with blood during arousal, creating an erection for copulation.
- The foreskin (prepuce) covers the glans, and may be removed.
- A lubricant called smegma is produced underneath the foreskin.
Male Reproductive System: Testes and Epididymis
- The testes are oval-shaped organs located in the scrotum.
- They contain seminiferous tubules, where sperm are formed.
- Formed sperm are stored in the epididymis, a long coiled tube on the side of each testicle.
Male Reproductive System: Sperm
- Sperm contain genetic material (in the head), providing energy (in the mid piece). and a tail/flagellum (to propel the sperm).
- Sperm carry either an X or Y chromosome.
- X chromosome from the male or female does not affect pregnancy or the offspring's sex.
Male Reproductive System: Vas Deferens and Seminal Vesicles
- Vas deferens are muscular tubes carrying sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles.
- Seminal vesicles produce an alkaline fluid, which mixes with sperm to form semen.
- Semen protects sperm from acidity in the urethra.
Male Reproductive System: Prostate and Cowper's Glands
- The prostate gland secretes an alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm in semen.
- Enlargement of prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) can obstruct urine flow.
- Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands produce a mucous-alkaline secretion that is released prior to ejaculation.
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of the reproductive system, focusing on both male and female anatomical structures. Learn about the uterus, its functions, and the various layers that compose its wall. This quiz will enhance your understanding of reproductive health and anatomy.
