Reproductive Hormones and Their Functions

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Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing mineralocorticoids like aldosterone?

Adrenal cortex
Zona Reticularis
Adrenal medulla
Zona Fasciculata (correct)

What is the function of the adrenal medulla during an acute response, such as 'fight or flight'?

Prompts vasodilation to essential organs
Regulates immune system
Converts glycogen to glucose
Increases blood pressure (correct)

What disorder is characterized by hypersecretion of cortisol, causing high blood glucose and lipid deposits on the face and neck?

Hyposecretion of aldosterone
Cushing's disease (correct)
Increased production of melatonin
Addison's disease

Where is the pineal gland located in the human body?

Posterior to the thalamus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone influences the development of the male reproductive system, mature sperm cells, and male secondary sex characteristics?

Testosterone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Zona Reticularis in the adrenal cortex?

Produces small amount of androgens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate stimulus for growth, particularly in bones?

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with age, leading to a lower metabolic rate?

Thyroid gland (B) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes but atrophies as we age?

Thymosins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with a decline in ovarian function and hormone levels during menopause?

Osteocalcin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Inhibin?

Inhibits secretion of FSH (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for preparing the breasts for lactation?

hPL (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Somatostatin in the endocrine pancreas?

Inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow?

EPO (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Leptin in adipose tissue?

Stimulates satiety and increases hunger if levels are low (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Renin in the kidneys?

Increases blood pressure and blood volume (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of secretion for hormones in the endocrine system?

Release into the bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix?

Oxytocin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates the function of the thyroid gland?

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone influences metabolic rate, nutrient breakdown, and ATP production?

Thyroid hormone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

Decrease blood calcium levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels and releasing calcium from bones?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones stimulates lactation only during pregnancy?

Prolactin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of long-distance communication for maintaining homeostasis in the body?

Endocrine system signaling (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an autocrine chemical in cellular communication?

Elicits a response in the same cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the action of hydrophilic hormones on target cells?

They require a second messenger system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if cells decrease their receptors and become less reactive to excessive hormone levels?

Downregulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the infundibulum in the endocrine system?

To connect the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Adrenal Zona Fasciculata

Region of adrenal gland producing mineralocorticoids like aldosterone.

Adrenal Medulla Function

Increases blood pressure during acute stress (fight-or-flight).