Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following stimulates renin secretion?
Which of the following stimulates renin secretion?
What substrate does renin act upon?
What substrate does renin act upon?
Which organ produces angiotensinogen?
Which organ produces angiotensinogen?
Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
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What is the primary function of angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
What is the primary function of angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
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What effect does angiotensin II have on renin release?
What effect does angiotensin II have on renin release?
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What type of inhibitor is used to treat renin-dependent hypertension?
What type of inhibitor is used to treat renin-dependent hypertension?
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What is the plasma level comparison between angiotensin II and angiotensin III?
What is the plasma level comparison between angiotensin II and angiotensin III?
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Study Notes
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Regulates blood pressure and electrolyte metabolism
Renin
- Proteolytic enzyme produced in juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney
- Secretion stimulated by:
- Decrease in fluid volume (dehydration, loss of fluid, or blood)
- Decrease in NaCl concentration
Angiotensinogen
- Large inactive α2-globulin protein produced by the liver
- Substrate for renin, converted into angiotensin I (inactive peptide hormone with 10 amino acids)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
- Glycoprotein enzyme found in lung, endothelial cells, and plasma
- Converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II (active peptide hormone with 8 amino acids)
- Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by:
- Causing vasoconstriction of arterioles
- Stimulating aldosterone production, resulting in Na+ and water retention
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
- Competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, used to treat renin-dependent hypertension
- Angiotensin II inhibits renin release from juxtaglomerular cells
Angiotensin II and Angiotensin III
- Angiotensin II is converted into angiotensin III (active peptide hormone with 7 amino acids) by aminopeptidase enzyme
- Angiotensin III is an equally potent stimulator of aldosterone production
- Plasma level of angiotensin II is four times greater than that of angiotensin III, so most effects are exerted by angiotensin II
- Both angiotensin II and angiotensin III are rapidly inactivated by angiotensinases enzymes
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Description
Learn about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a vital mechanism regulating blood pressure and electrolyte metabolism. Understand the roles of renin, angiotensinogen, and aldosterone.
