Religion 9 Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

Religion 9 Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

• St. Ignatius Loyola: Founder of the Jesuits. Born in 1491, died in 1556, and founded the Society of Jesus in 1540.
• Experience at Manresa: Loyola experienced a period of intense reflection and conversion, which led to the writing of the Spiritual Exercises. He was injured in battle, and while recovering, he had profound experiences.
• Education: Loyola studied at Alcalá and Paris Universities, and later Salamanca.
• St. Francis Xavier: Loyola's companion, who spread Christianity in Asia (India, Japan, etc.)
• Spiritual Exercises: A structured program of prayer and meditation, written by Loyola.
• Society of Jesus (Jesuits): Founded in 1540. Their motto is "Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam" (For the greater glory of God).
• God in all things: Jesuits believe that God's presence can be found in all aspects of life, a concept Ignatius Loyola experienced during his time at Manresa. The phrase is Latin.
• Examen of Conscience: A spiritual practice reflecting on one's day's actions and thoughts.
• Religious Life: Living by Christ's teachings and the Bible.
• Religious Order Priests: Priests who are not assigned to a specific diocese (not specific to a region).
• Diocesan (Secular) Priests: Priests assigned to a specific diocese (region).
• Vows: Promise to dedicate oneself to a special obligation that goes beyond basic requirements.
• Altar: A central focal point in a church, symbolizing Christ. It is a place of sacrifice and a table.
• Ambo: A lectern used to proclaim the word of God.
• Blessed Sacrament: Another name for the Eucharist, often reserved in a tabernacle.
• Chalice: The cup used in Mass that holds the wine before consecration.
• Code: A systematically organized set of principles, rules, and expectations.
• Creed: A statement of beliefs or principles.
• Crosier: A staff that resembles a shepherd's crook, carried by bishops to show authority.

Creed, Cult, Grace, Infallibility, Martyr, Miter, Omniscient, Omnipresent, Omnipotent, Paraclete, Atheism, Agnosticism, Monotheism, Polytheism, Divine Revelation, Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition, Sin, Secular, Symbol, Tabernacle, Canon

• Cult: A specific system of religious worship, including its rites and ceremonies.
• Grace: A supernatural gift from God to assist people in achieving salvation.
• Infallibility: The belief that the leaders of the Church are protected from fundamental errors in matters of faith and morals when formulating official teachings.
• Martyr: A person who willingly accepts death because of their beliefs.
• Miter: A tall, pointed hat worn by bishops during liturgical celebrations.
• Omniscient: Having unlimited knowledge of all things.
• Omnipresent: Being everywhere at once.
• Omnipotent: Having unlimited power.
• Paraclete: An alternative name for the Holy Spirit.
• Atheism: The belief that a Supreme Being (God) does not exist.
• Agnosticism: The view that it is impossible to know whether or not a God exists.
• Monotheism: Belief in one God.
• Polytheism: Belief in many Gods.
• Divine Revelation: God revealing himself and his divine plan to humankind through words and deeds.
• Sacred Scripture: Written accounts of divine revelation that make up the Bible.
• Sacred Tradition: The process of transmitting the Gospel message through the years.
• Sin: Any deliberate offense in thought, word, or deed against God's will.
• Secular: Relating to the worldly rather than the religious.
• Symbol: An object or action that represents a deeper reality.
• Tabernacle: A receptacle in a church where the Eucharist is reserved.
• Canon: The church's list of books included in the Bible.

Covenant/Testament, Sacraments, Hierarchy, Bishops, Priests, Laity, Liturgical Calendar, Advent

• Covenant/Testament: A solemn agreement.
• Sacraments: Rituals in the Catholic Church that convey grace.
• Hierarchy: Structured organizational levels within the Catholic Church.
• Bishops: Advising and mentoring priests within a specific diocese.
• Priests: Leading spiritual and pastoral roles, administering the seven sacraments.
• Laity: Lay members of the Catholic Church who share in the church's mission.
• Liturgical Calendar: A calendar that marks significant periods and events in the Church year.
• Advent: The liturgical season leading up to Christmas, often marked by purple-colored vestments.

Jesus of History, Christ of Faith, Name & Titles, Lord/Adonai, Yehoshua, Messiah, Gentile, Evangelism, Approximate dates, Themes, Audience

• Jesus of History: The historical figure Jesus of Nazareth.
• Christ of Faith: The belief that Jesus is the Son of God.
• Name & Titles: Jesus' names and roles as Prophet, Son of God, Messiah..
• Lord/Adonai: Titles of God that believers give to Jesus.
• Yehoshua/Yeshua: A name for Jesus.
• Messiah: Jesus as the savior.
• Gentile: Non-Jewish people.
• Evangelist: Writer of the Gospel accounts (Mark, Luke, Matthew, John).
• Approximate dates: Dates of the Gospels.
• Themes: Key topics/ideas in the Gospel accounts.
• Audience: The intended readers/listeners of the Gospel accounts.

Stages in Gospel Formation,Oral, Written, Jesus Study, Jewish History, Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Other, Moses, YHWH, Exodus, Passover

• Stages of Gospel Formation: Oral tradition, written Gospels based on their teachings.
• Oral: Jesus' teachings and life discussed.
• Written: Written accounts of Jesus' life and teachings through the Gospels.
• Jewish History: Important for understanding Jesus.
• Patriarchs: Important ancestor figures in Judaism preceding the era of Moses. - Abraham: First patriarch.
• Isaac: Abraham's son.
• Jacob: Isaac's son, later named Israel.
• Other: Important people and events.
• Moses: Guided the Israelites to freedom.
• YHWH: Name for God in Hebrew.
• Exodus: Israelite journey from Egypt to freedom.
• Passover: A Jewish festival reflecting the Exodus event.

David, Solomon, 1st Temple, Assyrians, Babylonians, Exile, Isaiah, Messianic Prophesies, Jeremiah, Diaspora, Remnant, Judaism, 2nd Temple, Jerusalem, Priests, Scribes, Hasidim, Alexander the Great

• David: A great king of Israel.
• Solomon: David's successor, who built the temple.
• 1st Temple: A holy place in Jerusalem.
• Assyrians: Conquered Israel around the 8th century BC.
• Babylonians: Conquered Israel in the 6th century BC, leading to the Babylonian Exile.
• Exile: Forced absence from one's homeland.
• Isaiah: A prophet who predicted the Messiah.
• Messianic Prophecies: Predictions concerning the Messiah.
• Jeremiah: A prophet during a time of crisis.
• Diaspora: The dispersal of Jews.
• Remnant: The survivors after a calamity.
• Judaism: The Jewish religion.
• 2nd Temple: A structure built after the Babylonian Exile.
• Jerusalem: A holy city for Jews.
• Priests: Religious leaders.
• Scribes: People knowledgeable in scripture.
• Hasidim: A religious group concerned with righteousness.
• Alexander the Great: A Greek ruler associated with the Hellenistic period.

Pharisees, Essenes, Zealots, Roman, Herod the Great, Herod Antipas, Procurator, Pontius Pilate, Geographical Areas, Palestine, Judah, Israel, Judea, Idumea, Samaria, Galilee, Nazareth, Mediterranean Sea, Jewish Expectation of the Messiah.

• Pharisees: Jewish sect known for emphasizing religious law and tradition.
• Essenes: Jewish group that lived in communities and emphasized asceticism and spiritual practices.
• Zealots: Jewish group striving for independence from Roman rule.
• Roman: Related to the Roman Empire.
• Herod the Great: Ruler of Judea during Jesus' time.
• Herod Antipas: Ruler during Jesus' ministry.
• Procurator/Pontius Pilate: Roman official who governed Judea.
• Geographical Areas: Locations important to the period, including specific regions and cities.
• Palestine: The region of modern-day Israel and surrounding areas.
• Judah: A tribal region and kingdom.
• Israel: Name and region of modern Israel.
• Judea: A region associated with the Kingdom of Judah.
• Idumea, Samaria, Galilee: Different regions.
• Nazareth: Jesús' birth city.
• Mediterranean Sea: A crucial body of water in the region.
• Jewish Expectation: Hopes and beliefs concerning the coming Messiah.