Questions and Answers
What structure connects the kidney to the urinary bladder?
ureter
The kidneys are said to be retroperitoneal, which means they...
are located behind peritoneal cavity
Obligatory reabsorption of water osmosis is when __ is absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
80%
The outer part of the kidney, the cortex, consists of...
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How much urine is excreted per day if the Bowman's capsule filters 125 ml of fluid per minute; 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed?
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What condition occurs when the renal pelvis and calyces become distended due to an accumulation of fluid?
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The presence of red blood cells in the urine is called...
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The word root that means bladder is...
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Inflammation of the renal pelvis is called...
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What hormone decreases urine formation by increasing reabsorption of water in the collecting tubules?
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One of the primary symptoms of a urinary tract infection is painful urination; another term for this is...
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What is the term used to describe the presence of pus in the urine?
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What process removes nitrogenous waste material, certain salts, and excess water from the blood?
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The term used to describe the limit of reabsorption is...
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The blood pressure in most of the capillaries in the body is 25 mm Hg; in the glomerulus it is ___ mm Hg.
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The indentation along the concave medial border of the kidney is the passageway for the lymph vessel, nerves, renal artery and vein, and the ureter; this is known as the...
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What carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
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Nephritis is inflammation of the...
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A tuft of capillaries situated within the Bowman's capsule is the...
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What is the main complication of peritoneal dialysis?
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A toxic condition that occurs when the blood retains urinary waste products is called...
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A hollow, muscular organ made of elastic fibers and involuntary muscle that acts as a reservoir for urine is the...
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The first step in urine formation is...
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What is the condition where there is a gradual loss of function of the nephrons?
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The term used to describe involuntary loss of urine is...
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What word describes kidney stones?
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What is the inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis called?
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What is the condition where there is involuntary urination?
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What is the word root that means kidney?
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What is the term for inflammation of the urinary bladder?
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What hormone stimulates the release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex and constricts blood vessels?
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Study Notes
Kidney Structure and Function
- The ureter connects the kidney to the urinary bladder.
- Kidneys are retroperitoneal, meaning they are located behind the peritoneal cavity.
- The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Water Reabsorption and Filtration
- 80% of water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule through obligatory reabsorption via osmosis.
- The Bowman's capsule filters 125 mL of fluid per minute, with 99% of the filtrate reabsorbed, resulting in 1-2 liters of urine excreted per day.
Urinary System Conditions
- Hydronephrosis occurs due to an accumulation of fluid, causing distension of the renal pelvis and calyces.
- Hematuria refers to the presence of red blood cells in urine.
- Dysuria is painful urination, commonly associated with urinary tract infections.
Hormonal Regulation
- ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) decreases urine formation by increasing water reabsorption in the collecting tubules.
- Renin stimulates the release of aldosterone and causes blood vessel constriction.
Inflammation and Disorders
- Pyelitis is inflammation of the renal pelvis.
- Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomerulus.
- Pyelonephritis affects both the kidney and renal pelvis.
- Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary bladder, also known as a bladder infection.
Other Key Concepts
- Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine.
- Chronic renal failure leads to the gradual loss of nephron function and can result in uremia.
- Urinary retention describes the inability to completely empty the bladder.
Additional Terms
- Cyst is the word root that means bladder.
- The hilum is the indentation along the kidney's medial border, allowing passage for blood vessels and ureters.
- The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries within Bowman's capsule.
Urine Formation Process
- The process of urine formation begins with filtration as blood enters the afferent arteriole.
- Threshold defines the limit of reabsorption for certain substances.
- Blood pressure in the glomerulus is significantly higher at 60-90 mm Hg compared to the average 25 mm Hg in most body capillaries.
Complications and Support
- The main complication of peritoneal dialysis is peritonitis.
- Uremia is a toxic condition from the retention of urinary waste products in the blood.
- The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that serves as a reservoir for urine.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 20 of Dr. K's urinary system materials. Each card highlights key terms and concepts essential to understanding the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and water reabsorption. Perfect for quick revisions and enhancing your grasp of the subject.
