54 Questions
What is the purpose of controlling breathing?
To maintain normal ABGs
Which parameter has no effect on the respiratory centers if it exceeds 60 mmHg?
PaO2
Where are the ventral respiratory neurons located?
Medulla oblongata
Which neurons are responsible for both inspiration and expiration?
Ventral respiratory neurons
Where do phrenic neurons originate from?
(C3-C5) spinal nerves
What is the function of the diaphragmatic nerve?
Cause contraction of the diaphragm
What is the role of the Pneumotaxic center in the pons?
Switches off the DRN
What stimulates the diaphragm to contract for increased ventilation?
Acidosis (↑H+)
Where are the carotid bodies located?
In the carotid artery
How does hyper ventilation affect PAO2?
Increases PaO2
What is the significance of the Apneustic center in the pons?
Stimulates DRN
What happens when there is acidosis (↑H+)?
Activation of chemo-sensitive area
What happens to ventilation if PaO2 is increased above 60?
Ventilation remains unaffected
What is the consequence of decreasing PaO2 below 60?
Hyperventilation
How does increased alveolar ventilation affect PCO2?
PCO2 decreases until 0
What occurs when PaCO2 exceeds 40?
Increase in ventilation rate
What initiates the process of ventilation stoppage during breath-holding?
Signal from phrenic neurons
What feedback mechanism is activated by an increase in H+ concentration?
Ventilation suppression
What happens to ventilation if PaCO2 exceeds 40?
Hyperventilation occurs to wash out CO2
What is the result of decreasing alveolar ventilation on PaCO2 levels?
CO2 enters the arterial blood
When holding one's breath, what signals the diaphragm to stop contracting?
Chemo-sensitive area in medulla
What is the role of H+ in regulating ventilation when PaCO2 increases?
H+ binds with CO2 to form H2CO3
In the context of acidosis, what effect does aspirin consumption have on H+ entering the CSF?
H+ takes time to enter CSF after aspirin consumption
What effect does increased PaO2 above 60 have on ventilation?
Ventilation remains unaffected
What is the primary purpose of controlling breathing?
Regulating the levels of O2, CO2, and H+ in the body
Which part of the brain is responsible for the control of breathing?
Medulla oblongata
Which neurons are involved in both inspiratory and expiratory functions in the medulla oblongata?
Ventral respiratory neurons
Where do phrenic neurons originate from?
C3-C5 spinal nerves
What happens if PaO2 exceeds 60 mmHg?
No effect on breathing
Which part of the brain sends signals to phrenic neurons located at C3-C5 spinal nerves?
Medulla oblongata
How does the Apneustic center in the pons affect the Dorsal Respiratory Neurons (DRN)?
Switches on DRN
What is the role of the chemo-sensitive area in the medulla?
Responds to changes in H+ concentration
Which nerve is responsible for transmitting signals from the carotid body to the Dorsal Respiratory Neurons (DRN)?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What effect does hyper ventilation have on PaCO2 levels?
Decreases PaCO2
What happens when the composition of air inside alveoli becomes closer to that of outside air?
PAO2 increases
What is the main function of the Pneumotaxic center in the pons?
Regulating breathing depth and rate
What is the function of the chemo-sensitive area in the medulla?
Stimulates DRN during acidosis
In what scenario does hyper ventilation occur?
With increased alveolar ventilation affecting PCO2
Which feedback mechanism is activated by an increase in H+ concentration?
Chemosensitive area stimulation
How can PAO2 be increased beyond 150?
Hyper ventilation with O2 uptake exceeding O2 intake
What happens when PaCO2 exceeds 40 mmHg?
Hyper ventilation occurs
What role do the aortic bodies play in respiration?
Regulate PaO2 through vagus nerve
What effect does decreasing PaO2 below 60 have on ventilation?
Hyperventilation
How does the body respond to PaCO2 levels exceeding 40?
Hyperventilation to eliminate CO2
What is the result of holding one's breath for an extended period?
Increased CO2 levels in the blood
Why does PaCO2 crossing 40 lead to hyperventilation?
To wash out CO2
What happens to ventilation if PaO2 rises above 60?
It remains unaffected
Why is increasing alveolar ventilation important for reducing Pco2?
To wash CO2 out of the lungs
What is the primary purpose of controlling breathing?
Maintaining normal ABGs
Which neurons are responsible for both inspiratory and expiratory functions in the medulla oblongata?
Ventral Respiratory Neurons (VRN)
Where do the phrenic neurons originate from?
Spinal Nerves C3-C5
What happens if the composition of air inside alveoli becomes closer to that of outside air?
Respiratory centers in medulla are inhibited
Which part of the brain sends signals to phrenic neurons located at spinal nerves C3-C5?
Medulla Oblongata
What initiates the process of ventilation stoppage during breath-holding?
Increase in H+ concentration
Learn about the control system for breathing and its role in maintaining normal ABGs. Explore the tools for regulating ventilation and the feedback system involved in controlling PaO2 and PaCO2 levels.
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