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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of controlling breathing?

  • To maintain normal ABGs (correct)
  • To decrease H+ levels
  • To increase PaO2 levels
  • To lower PaCO2 levels

    • Which parameter has no effect on the respiratory centers if it exceeds 60 mmHg?

  • PaCO2
  • PH
  • H+
  • PaO2 (correct)

    • Where are the ventral respiratory neurons located?

  • Spinal cord
  • Mid-brain
  • Medulla oblongata (correct)
  • Brain stem

    • Which neurons are responsible for both inspiration and expiration?

    <p>Ventral respiratory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do phrenic neurons originate from?

    <p>(C3-C5) spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the diaphragmatic nerve?

    <p>Cause contraction of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Pneumotaxic center in the pons?

    <p>Switches off the DRN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the diaphragm to contract for increased ventilation?

    <p>Acidosis (↑H+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the carotid bodies located?

    <p>In the carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hyper ventilation affect PAO2?

    <p>Increases PaO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Apneustic center in the pons?

    <p>Stimulates DRN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is acidosis (↑H+)?

    <p>Activation of chemo-sensitive area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ventilation if PaO2 is increased above 60?

    <p>Ventilation remains unaffected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of decreasing PaO2 below 60?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased alveolar ventilation affect PCO2?

    <p>PCO2 decreases until 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when PaCO2 exceeds 40?

    <p>Increase in ventilation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the process of ventilation stoppage during breath-holding?

    <p>Signal from phrenic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feedback mechanism is activated by an increase in H+ concentration?

    <p>Ventilation suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ventilation if PaCO2 exceeds 40?

    <p>Hyperventilation occurs to wash out CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decreasing alveolar ventilation on PaCO2 levels?

    <p>CO2 enters the arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When holding one's breath, what signals the diaphragm to stop contracting?

    <p>Chemo-sensitive area in medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of H+ in regulating ventilation when PaCO2 increases?

    <p>H+ binds with CO2 to form H2CO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of acidosis, what effect does aspirin consumption have on H+ entering the CSF?

    <p>H+ takes time to enter CSF after aspirin consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased PaO2 above 60 have on ventilation?

    <p>Ventilation remains unaffected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of controlling breathing?

    <p>Regulating the levels of O2, CO2, and H+ in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for the control of breathing?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurons are involved in both inspiratory and expiratory functions in the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Ventral respiratory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do phrenic neurons originate from?

    <p>C3-C5 spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if PaO2 exceeds 60 mmHg?

    <p>No effect on breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain sends signals to phrenic neurons located at C3-C5 spinal nerves?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Apneustic center in the pons affect the Dorsal Respiratory Neurons (DRN)?

    <p>Switches on DRN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the chemo-sensitive area in the medulla?

    <p>Responds to changes in H+ concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for transmitting signals from the carotid body to the Dorsal Respiratory Neurons (DRN)?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does hyper ventilation have on PaCO2 levels?

    <p>Decreases PaCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the composition of air inside alveoli becomes closer to that of outside air?

    <p>PAO2 increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Pneumotaxic center in the pons?

    <p>Regulating breathing depth and rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chemo-sensitive area in the medulla?

    <p>Stimulates DRN during acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario does hyper ventilation occur?

    <p>With increased alveolar ventilation affecting PCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feedback mechanism is activated by an increase in H+ concentration?

    <p>Chemosensitive area stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can PAO2 be increased beyond 150?

    <p>Hyper ventilation with O2 uptake exceeding O2 intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when PaCO2 exceeds 40 mmHg?

    <p>Hyper ventilation occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the aortic bodies play in respiration?

    <p>Regulate PaO2 through vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does decreasing PaO2 below 60 have on ventilation?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body respond to PaCO2 levels exceeding 40?

    <p>Hyperventilation to eliminate CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of holding one's breath for an extended period?

    <p>Increased CO2 levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does PaCO2 crossing 40 lead to hyperventilation?

    <p>To wash out CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ventilation if PaO2 rises above 60?

    <p>It remains unaffected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is increasing alveolar ventilation important for reducing Pco2?

    <p>To wash CO2 out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of controlling breathing?

    <p>Maintaining normal ABGs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurons are responsible for both inspiratory and expiratory functions in the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Ventral Respiratory Neurons (VRN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the phrenic neurons originate from?

    <p>Spinal Nerves C3-C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the composition of air inside alveoli becomes closer to that of outside air?

    <p>Respiratory centers in medulla are inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain sends signals to phrenic neurons located at spinal nerves C3-C5?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the process of ventilation stoppage during breath-holding?

    <p>Increase in H+ concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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