18 Questions
What is the main effect of insulin on plasma potassium concentration?
Stimulates Na-K ATPase activity to facilitate K+ entry into cells
Which of the following is NOT a physiological action of insulin?
Protein catabolism
How does insulin affect glucose metabolism in most cells?
Increases glucose uptake
Which hormone is responsible for promoting interaction with a stimulatory G protein on hepatocytes?
Glucagon
What is the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?
Increases blood glucose concentration
Where is glucagon primarily synthesized and secreted from in the body?
Alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
What is the primary physiologic stimulant of insulin release?
Glucose
Which transporter protein allows glucose to enter B cells for insulin release?
GLUT 2
What ion enters B cells through voltage-gated calcium channels triggering insulin exocytosis?
Calcium (Ca⁺⁺)
What is the role of insulin receptors on target cells like liver, muscle, and fat?
Facilitate glucose entry into cells
Which action of insulin leads to the translocation of GLUT 4 glucose transporter to cell membranes?
Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate
What is the mechanism by which insulin exerts its effects on target cells?
Activation of tyrosine kinase region on the receptor
Which of the following is NOT a major target for insulin action?
Pancreatic islet cells
What is the effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in the liver?
Stimulates glucose oxidation and inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
At what plasma glucose level does a maximum insulin response occur?
$300 ; \mathrm{mg/dL}$
Which of the following hormones/conditions decreases insulin secretion?
Somatostatin
What is the pattern of insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation?
An initial burst followed by a second phase of gradual increase
What is the effect of insulin on adipose tissue metabolism?
Promotes fuel storage in the form of fat
Test your knowledge on the regulation of insulin secretion and the role of protein channels in the plasma membrane. Questions cover topics such as stimuli for insulin secretion, glucose levels, and factors affecting insulin response.
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