Regulation of Gastric Secretion: Gastrin and HCl Release
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter during swallowing?

  • Forces food into the stomach
  • Contracts after food enters (correct)
  • Relaxes after food enters
  • Contracts before food enters

    • During swallowing, what is the role of the constrictor muscles in the pharynx?

  • Contract after food enters the esophagus
  • Force food into the esophagus (correct)
  • Contract before food enters
  • Relax after food enters

    • What is the function of the gastroesophageal sphincter after food enters the stomach?

  • Opens to allow food back into the esophagus
  • Forces food into the intestines
  • Contracts to stop peristalsis
  • Closes to prevent regurgitation (correct)

    • What is the role of peristalsis in digestion?

    <p>Moves food through the esophagus to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the fundus located in the stomach?

    <p>Beneath the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pyloric valve in stomach emptying?

    <p>Controls stomach emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the release of HCl from parietal cells during the gastric phase?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a decline in pH, leading to inhibition of gastrin secretion?

    <p>Low pH (below 2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the intestinal phase, what factor briefly stimulates the gastric glands of the stomach?

    <p>Enteric gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that causes inhibition of gastric secretions during the intestinal phase?

    <p>Increased gastrin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of inhibitory effects during the intestinal phase?

    <p>To protect the intestine from too much acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is characterized by enterogastric reflex and hormonal mechanisms for inhibiting gastric secretions?

    <p>Intestinal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>Make stomach contents acidic to break down proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chief cells in the stomach?

    <p>Release digestive enzymes like pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell secretes hormone gastrin in the stomach?

    <p>Enteroendocrine cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is intrinsic factor produced by parietal cells important?

    <p>Required for absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipases in the stomach?

    <p>Digest fat and break down lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does the stomach carry out that involves denaturing proteins?

    <p>Carrying out breakdown of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the major organ of digestion and absorption?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

    <p>Production of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is 8 feet long and attached posteriorly by mesentery?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the small intestine join the large intestine?

    <p>At the ileocecal valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter range of the small intestine?

    <p>2.5-4 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is NOT an accessory digestive organ mentioned in the text?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is the fuel most commonly used by cells to make ATP?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should dietary requirements mostly consist of, according to the text?

    <p>Complex carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid is found in saturated fats in meat, dairy foods, tropical oils, or hydrogenated oils?

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of adipose tissue in the body?

    <p>Fuel storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid type is used in myelin sheaths and all cell membranes?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of prostaglandins in the body?

    <p>Smooth muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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