Regulation of Gastric Secretion: Gastrin and HCl Release

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What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter during swallowing?

Forces food into the stomach

Contracts after food enters (correct)

Relaxes after food enters

Contracts before food enters

During swallowing, what is the role of the constrictor muscles in the pharynx?

Contract after food enters the esophagus

Force food into the esophagus (correct)

Contract before food enters

Relax after food enters

What is the function of the gastroesophageal sphincter after food enters the stomach?

Opens to allow food back into the esophagus

Forces food into the intestines

Contracts to stop peristalsis

Closes to prevent regurgitation (correct)

What is the role of peristalsis in digestion?

Moves food through the esophagus to the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Where is the fundus located in the stomach?

Beneath the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pyloric valve in stomach emptying?

Controls stomach emptying Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the release of HCl from parietal cells during the gastric phase?

Gastrin Signup and view all the answers

What causes a decline in pH, leading to inhibition of gastrin secretion?

Low pH (below 2) Signup and view all the answers

During the intestinal phase, what factor briefly stimulates the gastric glands of the stomach?

Enteric gastrin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that causes inhibition of gastric secretions during the intestinal phase?

Increased gastrin levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inhibitory effects during the intestinal phase?

To protect the intestine from too much acidity Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is characterized by enterogastric reflex and hormonal mechanisms for inhibiting gastric secretions?

Intestinal phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?

Make stomach contents acidic to break down proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chief cells in the stomach?

Release digestive enzymes like pepsinogen Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell secretes hormone gastrin in the stomach?

Enteroendocrine cells Signup and view all the answers

Why is intrinsic factor produced by parietal cells important?

Required for absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipases in the stomach?

Digest fat and break down lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which process does the stomach carry out that involves denaturing proteins?

Carrying out breakdown of food Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the major organ of digestion and absorption?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

Production of digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine is 8 feet long and attached posteriorly by mesentery?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

Where does the small intestine join the large intestine?

At the ileocecal valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter range of the small intestine?

2.5-4 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is NOT an accessory digestive organ mentioned in the text?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is the fuel most commonly used by cells to make ATP?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What should dietary requirements mostly consist of, according to the text?

Complex carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Regulation of Gastric Secretion: Gastrin and HCl Release

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