Railway Signaling Cables Chapter 15
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum percentage of spare conductors required in each main cable when planning cabling?

  • 25%
  • 15%
  • 20% (correct)
  • 10%

    • Where should spare conductors be located within the cable?

  • In the center of the cable
  • On the outermost layer (correct)
  • Within the inner layer
  • Randomly distributed

    • What should be done after determining the cables' size and number of conductors?

  • Notify the rail traffic about the changes
  • Prepare a financial report
  • Install the cables immediately
  • Conduct a foot survey along the track (correct)

    • Which department's approval is necessary for the cable route plan?

    <p>Engineering and Electrical departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of conductors used for no spare conductors to be required?

    <p>3 or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should circuits be distributed when multiple cables are laid along a route?

    <p>To allow for easier maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a cable route plan include?

    <p>Actual alignment of track with key offsets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when laying cables?

    <p>Weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum width that a cable trench should be maintained at?

    <p>0.3 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material should the cable be laid on in rocky ground according to the guidelines?

    <p>Layer of sand or sifted earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for supervising the use of mechanized equipment during cable laying?

    <p>SSE/JE(Signal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a cable drum is found to be in damaged condition?

    <p>Use a horizontal revolving platform to pay out the cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surface should be cleared from the bottom of a trench to ensure proper cable laying?

    <p>Sharp edged boulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the cable be paid out according to the guidelines?

    <p>By rotating the cable drum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary step before laying cable in a trench?

    <p>Visual inspection for damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to cover the cable after it is laid in the trench?

    <p>Sand or sifted earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method may be used for laying Quad and OFC cables when site conditions are suitable?

    <p>Horizontal directional drilling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum depth required for laying tail cables?

    <p>0.50 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which conditions should protective measures from Drg.No.15-D2 be implemented?

    <p>When the required depth cannot be achieved due to obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What depth should the main cable laid parallel to the track typically be buried?

    <p>1.0 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is approved for use as protective ducts while laying cables?

    <p>Half Cut DWC-HDPE pipe/RCC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should cables be anchored in theft-prone areas?

    <p>Every 10 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure is necessary when cables are to be laid in a rocky area where a depth of 1.0 meter is unfeasible?

    <p>Protecting the cables as illustrated in Drg.No: 15-D2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the laying of Signal & Telecommunication cables?

    <p>They must not be laid in the same trench as other department cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum distance that cables should be laid away from the independent Earth of an O.H.E structure?

    <p>1 meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prohibited within a distance of 300 meters from a feeding post?

    <p>G.I pipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During insulation testing of signalling cables, what voltage should an insulation tester use?

    <p>500 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the insulation resistance measured per kilometer be at a buried temperature?

    <p>5 mega ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to be taken during the insulation resistance testing procedure?

    <p>Disconnect all cores of the cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the insulation resistance is found to be lower than 5 mega ohms?

    <p>Immediately take steps to repair or replace it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should insulation resistance tests be conducted for cables?

    <p>When conductors and cables are clean and dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to any metallic sheath during the insulation resistance test?

    <p>It should be bonded to earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be present during excavation near underground signal cables?

    <p>A representative of the signal &amp; telecommunication department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the insulation of main cables be tested?

    <p>Every two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional monitoring capability should be provided for the Earth Leakage Detector (ELD)?

    <p>Interfacing with Datalogger where feasible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the first insulation measurement of a newly laid cable be conducted?

    <p>After the first monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended inspection frequency for protective works at track crossings and similar areas?

    <p>Regular inspections after the monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should tail cables (Signal/Track/Points) be insulated resistance tested?

    <p>Once a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after major work in a yard regarding the cables?

    <p>All cables should be meggered afresh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of cable for periodic testing?

    <p>Power Cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum distance a cable must be laid from the nearest edge of the mast supporting the catenary if the cable is less than 0.5 meters deep?

    <p>At least 1 meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstances must digging beyond 0.50 meters be done in the presence of an official?

    <p>When cables are laid within 1 meter from sleeper end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required distance for cables laid in the vicinity of traction substations from any metallic part of the O.H.E?

    <p>At least 1 meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If it is challenging to maintain the minimum distance of 3 meters from the nearest edge of the O.H.E structure, what is the recommended solution?

    <p>Use DWC-HDPE/Concrete Ducts for 3 meters on either side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum distance cables should be laid away from the earthing of substations?

    <p>At least 1 meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should cables be laid near switching stations with respect to the station's fixed metallic bodies?

    <p>At least 1 meter away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum trench depth for laying cables without needing supervision from an official?

    <p>0.5 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution is necessary to avoid damage to the cable in the event of a failure of an overhead insulator?

    <p>Lay the cable in concrete or approved pipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum separation required between signalling cables and LT power cables?

    <p>10 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When laying multiple cables, which order should they be placed to facilitate maintenance identification?

    <p>Telecommunication cable, Signalling cable, Power cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precautions should be taken when suspending outdoor signalling cables?

    <p>Space supports to avoid sagging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required distance for laying cables outside the station section from the nearest track center?

    <p>5.5 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should trenches for cables be dug within the station section?

    <p>At a distance of not less than 3 meters from the track center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after laying the cables in terms of back filling?

    <p>Properly back fill and consolidate the excavated soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for laying indoor signalling cables?

    <p>On ladders or channels, tied neatly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joints should be used for cables after laying them?

    <p>Approved type joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before laying the cable in the trench?

    <p>Ensure the cable is free from damage and test for insulation and continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the cable be laid in rocky ground according to the guidelines?

    <p>On a layer of sand or sifted earth of 0.05 meters thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum width that a cable trench should be maintained at?

    <p>0.3 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the cable be paid out from the drum?

    <p>By rotating the cable drum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing spare conductors in main cables?

    <p>To accommodate future circuit expansions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration when designing a tunnel for cable installation?

    <p>Cable ducts should be integrated into the tunnel design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the cable drum is in a damaged condition?

    <p>Place the cable on a stable, horizontal platform for payout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In planning for cabling, which aspect is critical regarding the positioning of cables?

    <p>The route should be shown on a cable route plan with specific details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended practice for the storage of cable drums?

    <p>Ends of the cables should be sealed to prevent water entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required from the operator when mechanized equipment is being used?

    <p>A trained operator under supervision of designated personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of conducting a foot survey after determining cable sizes and conductors?

    <p>To physically identify the best route for the cable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method for moving a cable drum during transportation?

    <p>Using a fork lifter or ramp instead of dropping the drum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the condition of the trench bottom before laying cables?

    <p>Clear of sharp materials and leveled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the recommendation for cable maintenance when multiple cables are laid?

    <p>Cables can be isolated without impacting other circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included in a cable route plan to comply with regulations?

    <p>Offsets from permanent way or structures along with utility crossings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area should be avoided when routing cables?

    <p>Rocky terrains and drainage points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended thickness of the protective cover that should be placed over the cable in the trench?

    <p>0.10 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential step should be taken before laying cable in a trench?

    <p>Mount the cable drum on wheels and check for kinks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a requirement when laying cables according to the general guidelines?

    <p>The approval of only the Electrical department.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advisable to incorporate changes in the cable route plan promptly?

    <p>To maintain accurate records for future reviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should NOT be done when rolling a cable drum during unloading?

    <p>Roll over objects that can damage it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement during the cable laying process in various terrains?

    <p>No dragging of the cable on the ground should occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum recommended spare conductor percentage beyond the farthest point zone?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should cable insulation resistance tests be conducted?

    <p>Following any major work in the yard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for cables that are crossing the track?

    <p>Cables should be laid in approved types of pipes while crossing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when installing cables inside the Cable room or Relay room?

    <p>Having sharp bends in the cable arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a preferred technique when crossing small culverts with low flood levels?

    <p>Using horizontal directional drilling whenever feasible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When cables cross a metallic bridge, what precaution must be taken?

    <p>Cables should be supported to minimize vibration and facilitate maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal condition for excavation of trenches during cable laying?

    <p>Excavation should not remain uncovered for long and cable refilling should occur same day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When laying cables under a road or high bank, what is an advised method?

    <p>Using horizontal directional drilling method wherever practical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the soil excavated from the trenches?

    <p>Throw it by the side away from the track.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What positioning is crucial for avoiding damage during cable installation?

    <p>Cables must not be laid on unstable surfaces during installation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protective method is required when laying cables in rocky soil where the depth of 1.0 meter cannot be achieved?

    <p>Implementing measures as shown in Drg.No: 15-D2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken when cables are to be laid in areas with existing utilities such as station yards?

    <p>Follow special precautions outlined by relevant departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical depth at which main cables laid parallel to the track should be buried?

    <p>1.0 meters including rail flanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should cables be anchored in theft-prone areas according to the guidelines?

    <p>Every 10 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an approved method for laying cables underground?

    <p>In plastic bags for ease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When cables are laid across a track, what is the minimum depth they should be buried?

    <p>1.0 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pipe is recommended for protecting cables during the laying process?

    <p>Half Cut DWC-HDPE pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken regarding signal and telecommunication cables during installation?

    <p>They are prohibited from being laid in the same trench with cables from other departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 15: Cables - Section 1: General

    • Railway signaling circuits use cables of approved types
    • Existing guidelines from Railway Board, RDSO, and PCSTE are to be followed for cable laying
    • Planning for Cabling: Determine the number of conductors required, based on the planned circuits. Use recommended core sizes.
    • Sufficient spare conductors are needed for each main cable.
    • Minimum of 20% spare conductors up to the farthest point zone, followed by a minimum of 10% spare conductors beyond. If there are 3 or less conductors, no spares are required
    • Distribute cable placement for easy disconnection during maintenance, prioritizing line-wise and function-wise connections.
    • Design cables for auxiliary signals separately.
    • A foot survey is necessary to map the best cable route.
    • Cable route plans must show the exact track alignment. Indicate crossings, structures, water/sewage mains, etc. Ensure that existing cable routes are also shown.
    • Engineering and Electrical departments must approve the cable route plan, and the S&T open line must also be approved when the plan is not prepared by open line staff.
    • Avoid low-lying areas, platform copings, drainages, hutments, rocky areas, points, crossings, and proximity to electrical substations/switching stations.
    • Separate cables of appropriate size must be available for point operation.

    Chapter 15: Cables - Section 2: Paying Out, Trenching, and Laying of Cables

    • Cable drums have to be mounted on cable wheels during paying out. No kinks are permitted when paying out cables.
    • Place the drum at the trench end and lay the cable along it.
    • Workers should move along the trench to carry the cable, avoiding damage from dragging on the ground.
    • Visual inspection and testing of cable insulation must be performed before burial.
    • Lay cable in the trench, record insulation/loop resistance.
    • Cable drums placed in suitable axles and cable drawn out by workers when wheels are not available.
    • Do not lay cable or drag it on the ground when rolling cable drums/transporting them.
    • Wherever mechanized equipment is used, a trained operator, under SSE/JE supervision, must manage the related works.
    • Damaged cable drums require placements on horizontal revolving platforms, paying out using rotation, not pulling.

    Chapter 15: Cables - Section 2: Trenching

    • Trench width should be appropriate to the cable count; minimum 0.3 meters.
    • Smooth, level bottoms for cable placement are needed, including soft ground preparation with sand or sifted earth layers (0.05 meters).
    • Rocky ground requires a similar preparation with a sandy layer underneath and a protective cover of approved material such as trough or bricks.
    • Remove any sharp boulders/rocks from the trench. Soft material like river sand might be used.

    Chapter 15: Cables - Section 2: Laying of Cable

    • Cables must be laid in trenches, ducts, cement troughs, pipes or other approved methods.
    • Maintain proper depth for buried cables, typically 1 meter or more (1.2 meters for theft-prone areas), from the ground top.
    • Maintain 5.5 meters clearance from track centerlines outside stations, closer to track centerlines (at least 3 meters) for installation within stations.
    • Maintain a minimum of 6 to 8 meters of surplus cable length at both ends of the main cable.

    Chapter 15: Cables - Section 3: Cable Laying in RE Area

    • Use only unscreened, approved underground cables for signaling.
    • Ensure that cables are at least 1 meter from live electrical conductors (catenaries) and at least 3 meters from overhead equipment in case the burial depth exceeds 0.5 meters.
    • Provide concrete ducts/DWC-HDPE pipes in proximity of OHE structures.
    • Maintain a 1-meter separation from metallic parts within traction substations/feeder posts.
    • Maintain a 1-meter distance from metallic parts & 5 meters from earthing at switching/sub stations (reducible to 1 meter with approved conduits)

    Chapter 15: Cables- Section 4: Insulation Resistance Testing of Signal Cables

    • Insulation resistance tests are required when conductors, cables, and insulated parts are cleaned and dry.
    • Use a 500V insulation tester for signaling cables and a 100V tester for quad cables.
    • Bond all metallic sheaths/metal works to ground.
    • Disconnect each cable core from both ends.
    • Connect a tester to each conductor and ground the other conductors.
    • Insulation resistance should measure at least 5 mega ohms per kilometer in buried cables.
    • Immediate repair/replacement is needed if insulation resistance fails to meet the specified requirements.
    • Tests must be completed without affecting train operation, ensuring safe equipment use.

    Chapter 15: Cables - Section 5: Maintenance of Cables

    • Conduct annual or triennial insulation tests for dry weather on signaling cables (or annually if using ELD for monitoring), while testing tail cables annually.
    • Random testing for wet weather is permissible.
    • Keep all cable termination points, pillar boxes, heads, and glands in a clean, dry state; inspect for moisture/leak issues.
    • No excavations without signal/telecommunication representatives or necessary safety precautions.
    • Ensure regular inspection of protective works (culverts, bridges, etc.).
    • Record test results.

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    Chapter 15: Cables PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential guidelines and best practices for laying railway signaling cables as outlined in Chapter 15, Section 1. Key topics include planning, conductor requirements, and cable route mapping. Test your knowledge on the standards set by railway authorities and the importance of maintenance accessibility.

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