Quasi-experimental Designs Overview

A design without a comparison group that has serious deficiencies in internal validity.

A design where participants are measured before and after manipulation to compute an index of change.

Confounding events that occur at the same time as the experimental manipulation.

<p>Systematic changes that occur over time, such as becoming bored, fatigued, or wiser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in the measuring instrument over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon where extreme scores tend to move closer to the mean upon retesting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design that employs a separate control group, but the groups may not be equivalent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences between the experimental and control groups that may become confounding variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design that examines a variable over an extended period both before and after a manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve the interrupted time series design by adding a control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method where individuals of different ages are studied at one point in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method involving the observation of the same group of people over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of people born at about the same time and exposed to similar societal events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method that combines cross-sectional and longitudinal techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of repeating a study to confirm findings and improve generalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An attempt to replicate the exact procedures of a study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replicating research findings using different procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A statistical procedure that combines results from multiple studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable related to both the independent and dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A third variable that can explain the relationship between two observed variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificiality of experiments, ethical and practical considerations, participant variables, description of behavior, successful predictions of future behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristics of individuals such as age, gender, and personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pearson</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation of scores at two different times to check reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment of reliability using responses at one point in time, including split-half reliability and Cronbach's alpha.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examine the correlation of each item score with the total score based on all items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tendency to respond to questions from a particular perspective rather than based on the content of the questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jargon and technical terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questions that ask two things at once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A question that leads people to respond in one way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phrasing questions with negatives that can confuse respondents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency of a respondent to agree or disagree with all questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questions with a limited number of response alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questions that allow respondents to answer freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bias that can occur due to the interviewer's influence on a respondent's answers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study where the same people are surveyed at multiple points in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The percentage of people who completed the survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design where two equivalent groups are needed, the independent variable is introduced, and the effect is measured afterward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The condition where participants chosen for groups cannot systematically differ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design that includes a pretest before the experimental manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design where participants are randomly assigned to different conditions, participating in just one group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design where participants experience all conditions of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact that the sequence of treatments may have on the dependent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An improvement in performance due to repeated practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decline in performance as an individual becomes tired or distracted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effects that occur as a result of a sequence of tasks over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the response to a second treatment is influenced by the first treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing the order of conditions in a repeated measures design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design where participants are matched based on a characteristic before assignment to groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual who appears to be part of the study but is actually part of the manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measures that capture attitudes, judgments, or preferences from participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct observations of participants' behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recordings of the body's responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Features of an experiment that can inform participants about the study's purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unrelated items used to disguise the actual measure in a survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group that receives an inert substance rather than the actual treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment where the participant does not know whether they receive a placebo or the actual treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment where both the participant and the experimenter are unaware of treatment assignments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trial run of the experiment with a small number of participants to test procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure to determine if the manipulation had the intended effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designs that include more than one independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effect of an independent variable while ignoring other variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the effect of one independent variable depends on another variable's level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that influences the relationship between two other variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean differences at each level of an independent variable analyzed when interactions are significant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designs to determine if a manipulation affects an individual participant over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The period where a participant's behavior is measured before the experimental manipulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design that measures behavior during baseline, treatment, and a second baseline period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design demonstrating treatment effectiveness when behavior changes only after manipulation across multiple settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research aimed at assessing programs implemented to achieve positive effects on populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designs that study effects in settings without full control features of true experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design which lacks a control group and only measures the outcome after manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers