Experimental Design Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is a confounding variable?

  • When an experimenter cannot distinguish the effects of different factors on a variable (correct)
  • When a subject reacts favorably to a placebo
  • When a subject is aware of the treatment being given
  • When subjects are randomly assigned to treatment groups

What is the placebo effect?

  • When a subject reacts favorably to a placebo when no medicated treatment has been given (correct)
  • When an experimenter cannot distinguish the effects of different factors on a variable
  • When a subject is aware of the treatment being given
  • When subjects are randomly assigned to treatment groups

What is blinding in an experiment?

  • When a subject is aware of the treatment being given
  • A technique used to make the subjects unaware of which treatment or placebo they are being given (correct)
  • When subjects are randomly assigned to treatment groups
  • When an experimenter cannot distinguish the effects of different factors on a variable

What is a double-blind experiment?

<p>When neither the experimenter nor the subjects know which treatment is being given (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a completely randomized design?

<p>A process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a randomized block design?

<p>A design used to ensure that subjects with certain characteristics are assigned to each treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Experimental Design

  • A confounding variable occurs when an experimenter cannot distinguish between the effects of different factors on a variable.

Placebo Effect and Blinding

  • The placebo effect: a subject reacts favorably to a placebo when no medicated treatment has been given.
  • Blinding: a technique that makes subjects unaware of the treatment (or placebo) they receive.

Types of Experiments

  • Double-blind experiment: neither the experimenter nor the subjects know which treatment is being given.

Randomization Techniques

  • Completely randomized design: assigns subjects to different treatment groups through random assignment.
  • Randomized block design: ensures subjects with certain characteristics are assigned to each treatment.

Design Examples

  • Randomized block design example: split subjects into groups according to gender or age, then randomly assign each group to different treatments.

Matched Pairs Design

  • Pairs up subjects according to similarities.
  • One subject in the pair receives one treatment, while the other receives a different treatment.

Experimental Basics

  • Sample size: the number of participants in the experiment.

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