30 Questions
What determines the valence of an element?
Number of electrons in the outermost level
Which type of chemical bond is formed when atoms share a pair of electrons?
Covalent bond
In ionic compounds, which group of elements is most likely to form cations?
Group IA
What happens to the size of an anion compared to its parent atom?
Anion size increases
What is the term used to describe an atom that has lost electron(s)?
Cation
What type of state has higher energy than the ground state of an atom or molecule?
Excited state
Which quantum number describes the size of orbitals and the relative distance of electrons from the nucleus?
Principal quantum number (n)
Which quantum number refers to the shape of the orbitals in an atom?
Angular momentum quantum number (l)
According to Pauli's exclusion principle, how many electrons can occupy an orbital?
2 electrons with opposite spins
What rule states that electrons must distribute singly before pairing in orbitals?
Hund's rule
What is the lowest energy state of an atom called?
Ground state
How does the orbital size change with increasing n-value?
Increases
What did Woehler achieve by synthesizing urea from ammonium cyanate in 1828?
He disproved the vital force theory.
Which scientist is known for noting that organic compounds always contain the element carbon?
Gmelin
What did Kekule and Couper demonstrate in 1858 that led to the concept of catenation?
Carbon can form an infinite number of chain and ring compounds through covalent bonds.
Why do organic compounds generally have low melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds?
As a result of weak intermolecular forces.
What characteristic makes organic compounds nonpolar in nature?
Their tendency to not dissolve in polar solvents.
Why do organic compounds react slower than ionic compounds?
As a result of the strong covalent bonds between atoms.
What is the main reason atoms share their valence electrons?
To create a noble gas configuration
Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Covalent bonding
In which type of covalent bond is there a partial positive and partial negative charge along the bond?
Polar covalent bond
Which type of bond results from equal or almost equal sharing of electrons?
Non-polar covalent bond
When does ionic bonding occur between atoms?
When electrons transfer from one atom to another
Which kind of covalent bond has the least difference in electronegativity values between combining atoms?
Non-polar covalent bond
What is the role of electrons in thermal conductivity?
Contribute to thermal conductivity
In a neutral atom, what is the relationship between the number of protons and electrons?
Number of protons is equal to electrons
What does the atomic number (Z) represent in an atom?
Number of protons
How is the mass number (A) calculated?
(Number of protons/electrons) + number of neutrons
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an orbital?
8 electrons
How do electron shells affect the chemical properties of an element?
They determine the chemical properties
Learn about different quantum numbers like principal, magnetic, spin, and angular momentum, and how they describe the properties of electrons in an atom. Understand electron configuration and how it represents the distribution of electrons in energy levels and sublevels.
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