COPY: Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration
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COPY: Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration

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Questions and Answers

What determines the valence of an element?

  • Total number of electrons in the atom
  • Number of neutrons in the nucleus
  • Number of electrons in the outermost level (correct)
  • Number of protons in the nucleus

    • Which type of chemical bond is formed when atoms share a pair of electrons?

  • Hydrogen bond
  • Covalent bond (correct)
  • Metallic bond
  • Ionic bond

    • In ionic compounds, which group of elements is most likely to form cations?

  • Group IIA
  • Group VIIA (halogens)
  • Group IA (correct)
  • Transition metals

    • What happens to the size of an anion compared to its parent atom?

    <p>Anion size increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an atom that has lost electron(s)?

    <p>Cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of state has higher energy than the ground state of an atom or molecule?

    <p>Excited state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quantum number describes the size of orbitals and the relative distance of electrons from the nucleus?

    <p>Principal quantum number (n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quantum number refers to the shape of the orbitals in an atom?

    <p>Angular momentum quantum number (l)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Pauli's exclusion principle, how many electrons can occupy an orbital?

    <p>2 electrons with opposite spins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule states that electrons must distribute singly before pairing in orbitals?

    <p>Hund's rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest energy state of an atom called?

    <p>Ground state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the orbital size change with increasing n-value?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Woehler achieve by synthesizing urea from ammonium cyanate in 1828?

    <p>He disproved the vital force theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is known for noting that organic compounds always contain the element carbon?

    <p>Gmelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kekule and Couper demonstrate in 1858 that led to the concept of catenation?

    <p>Carbon can form an infinite number of chain and ring compounds through covalent bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do organic compounds generally have low melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds?

    <p>As a result of weak intermolecular forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes organic compounds nonpolar in nature?

    <p>Their tendency to not dissolve in polar solvents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do organic compounds react slower than ionic compounds?

    <p>As a result of the strong covalent bonds between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason atoms share their valence electrons?

    <p>To create a noble gas configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

    <p>Covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of covalent bond is there a partial positive and partial negative charge along the bond?

    <p>Polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond results from equal or almost equal sharing of electrons?

    <p>Non-polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does ionic bonding occur between atoms?

    <p>When electrons transfer from one atom to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of covalent bond has the least difference in electronegativity values between combining atoms?

    <p>Non-polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of electrons in thermal conductivity?

    <p>Contribute to thermal conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a neutral atom, what is the relationship between the number of protons and electrons?

    <p>Number of protons is equal to electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the atomic number (Z) represent in an atom?

    <p>Number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the mass number (A) calculated?

    <p>(Number of protons/electrons) + number of neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an orbital?

    <p>8 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electron shells affect the chemical properties of an element?

    <p>They determine the chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

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