Questions and Answers
The phases of software development include analysis, design, coding, and maintenance.
False
In the waterfall model, the first phase is customer request.
True
Modern software development is strictly linear without any iterative processes.
False
A prototype of a system may be produced during the analysis and design phases.
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Strings can be used only for terminal input in Python programming.
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Arithmetic expressions in Python can only involve integers.
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Functions imported from library modules can be called with arguments.
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Docstrings are used to document Python programs.
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The escape sequence \t represents a newline.
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String concatenation in programming can be performed using the + operator.
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Reserved words can be used as variable names in programming.
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The * operator allows for string repetition in programming.
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Variable names can begin with a digit.
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The escape sequence \’ represents a double quotation mark.
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Variable names are case sensitive in programming languages.
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It is a good practice to start each word in a variable name with an uppercase letter.
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The int function converts a float to an int by rounding.
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The str function can be used to concatenate a string and a float in Python.
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When using the int function on 6.75, the result is 6.
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In Python, type conversion occurs automatically for all operations involving numbers and strings.
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Python is considered a weakly typed programming language.
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The round function would convert 6.75 to 7.
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Using str(99) would return the string '99'.
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Modules in Python are collections of functions organized for easy use.
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A floating-point number can only be represented in ordinary decimal notation.
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The typical precision of a Python floating-point number is 16 digits.
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The ASCII character set includes all characters found in Unicode.
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The function ord() returns the integer representing a given character's position in the ASCII table.
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Python's floating-point representation can handle real numbers with infinite precision.
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In scientific notation, the representation 3.78e−3 means 3.78 divided by 10 cubed.
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The chr() function in Python converts an integer back to its corresponding ASCII character.
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The floating-point number 3780.0 can be represented as 3.78e3 in scientific notation.
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A function may return a value back to the part of the program that called it.
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The 'math' module includes functions for operations that are not mathematical.
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The function 'help()' can be utilized to understand the usage of a function's arguments.
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The 'round' function returns a string when called with one argument.
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You can import all resources from a module using 'from module import *'.
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The constant 'math.pi' has a value of approximately 3.14.
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To avoid using the qualifier for resources from a module, you must import each resource individually.
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The function 'sqrt' is used to calculate the square of a number.
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Study Notes
Software Development Process
- Software development involves planning and organizing a program through various phases.
- A common approach is the waterfall model, which includes: customer request, analysis, design, implementation, integration, and maintenance.
- Modern software development tends to be incremental and iterative, allowing for the refinement of earlier phases based on testing feedback.
Escape Sequences
- Escape sequences enable specific character representations in strings.
- Notable escape sequences include:
-
\bfor backspace -
\nfor newline -
\tfor horizontal tab -
\\for a backslash -
\'for single quotation mark -
\"for double quotation mark
-
String Operations
- Strings can be concatenated using the
+operator.- Example:
"Hi " + "there," + " Ken!"results in'Hi there, Ken!'.
- Example:
- The
*operator allows for string repetition.- Example:
" " * 10 + "Python"results in' Python'.
- Example:
Variables and Assignment
- Variables are names assigned to values, making it easier to reference them in a program.
- Variable naming rules include:
- Cannot use reserved words (e.g., if, def, import).
- Must start with a letter or underscore.
- Can include letters, digits, or underscores.
- Case-sensitive:
WEIGHTdifferent fromweight. - Recommended naming convention is camelCase or snake_case.
Floating-Point Numbers
- Floating-point numbers represent real numbers in Python with infinite precision.
- Typical precision for Python's float is around 16 digits.
- Floating-point numbers can be expressed in both decimal and scientific notation.
Character Sets and Functions
- Character literals are equivalent to string literals in Python.
- ASCII and Unicode are common character sets; Python provides
ordandchrfunctions for conversions.- Example:
ord('a')returns 97 andchr(65)returns'A'.
- Example:
Type Conversions
- Type conversions include functions like:
-
int(): Converts string to an integer. -
float(): Converts string to a float. -
str(): Converts numeric types to string.
-
-
int()truncates floats instead of rounding them.- Example:
int(6.75)results in6.
- Example:
Functions and Modules
- Python has built-in libraries called modules containing useful functions (e.g.,
math). - Functions can take arguments and return values, enhancing code reusability.
- Use
help()to learn how to utilize function parameters effectively.
The Math Module
- The math module includes functions for basic mathematical operations (e.g.,
math.pi,math.sqrt()). - Access module resources by using the module name followed by a dot or directly import them for use without a qualifier.
Documentation and Best Practices
- Utilize docstrings for documenting Python programs to explain function purpose and usage clearly.
- Start each word in a variable name with an uppercase letter, except for the first one for readability.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of Python programming in Chapter 2, where we delve into software development, data types, and expressions. This quiz covers essential concepts that form the foundation of programming in Python, enabling you to solidify your understanding of how to create your first programs.
