Python Basics: Variables, Data Types, and Operators

Programming in Python

Basic Concepts

• Variables: Store values in memory locations with unique names
• Data Types:
  • Integers (int): Whole numbers, e.g. 1, 2, 3
  • Floats (float): Decimal numbers, e.g. 3.14, -0.5
  • Strings (str): Sequences of characters, e.g. "hello", 'hello'
  • Boolean (bool): True or False values
  • List (list): Ordered collections of items, e.g. [1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", "c"]
• Operators:
  • Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
  • Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
  • Logical: and, or, not
  • Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, etc.

Control Structures

• Conditional Statements:
  • if: Execute a block of code if a condition is true
  • elif: Execute a block of code if a condition is true, else try the next condition
  • else: Execute a block of code if all conditions are false
• Loops:
  • for: Iterate over a sequence (e.g. list, string) and execute a block of code
  • while: Execute a block of code while a condition is true

Functions

• Defining a Function: Use the def keyword to create a reusable block of code
• Function Arguments: Pass values to a function when it's called
• Return Statements: Output a value from a function

Modules and Packages

• Modules: Pre-written code libraries that can be imported into a script
• Packages: Collections of modules that can be imported and used
• Importing Modules: Use the import statement to bring a module into a script

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

• Classes: Define a custom data type with attributes and methods
• Objects: Instances of a class, with their own set of attributes and methods
• Inheritance: A class can inherit attributes and methods from a parent class

Programming in Python

Basic Concepts

• Variables store values in memory locations with unique names

Data Types

• Integers (int) are whole numbers, e.g. 1, 2, 3
• Floats (float) are decimal numbers, e.g. 3.14, -0.5
• Strings (str) are sequences of characters, e.g. "hello", 'hello'
• Boolean (bool) values are True or False
• Lists (list) are ordered collections of items, e.g. [1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", "c"]

Operators

• Arithmetic Operators:
  • Addition: +
  • Subtraction: -
  • Multiplication: *
  • Division: /
  • Modulus: %
• Comparison Operators:
  • Equal: ==
  • Not Equal: !=
  • Greater Than: >
  • Less Than: <
  • Greater Than or Equal: >=
  • Less Than or Equal: <=