Pulmonary Gas Exchange Quiz

The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases.

The pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere.

The pressure exerted by oxygen in the air or a liquid.

Gases move from areas of high partial pressure to areas of low partial pressure.

Multiplying the fraction of a gas in a mixture by the total pressure.

Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood; Carbon dioxide moves from blood to alveoli.

Adding water vapor to inhaled air.

The pressure exerted by nitrogen in the atmosphere.

A process in venous blood where bicarbonate moves out of red blood cells into plasma, causing a drop in plasma chloride levels.

Majority of CO2 transported in the blood as bicarbonate (HCO3-).

Venous blood partial pressure of CO2 is around 45 mm Hg.

Hemoglobin in venous blood is about 75% saturated with oxygen.

The partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood is 40 mm Hg.

Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood due to the pressure difference.

Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase raises venous PCO2 levels significantly.

Oxygen in venous blood is carried in solution and bound to hemoglobin.

The process where the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood equilibrate with the PO2 and PCO2 in the alveoli.

The fact that gas exchange, especially oxygen, reaches equilibrium within 1/3rd of the capillary transit time, allowing for efficient exchange even with increased blood flow.

A measure of how easily a gas can move through a membrane. Carbon dioxide has a higher diffusion coefficient than oxygen.

The difference in partial pressure between two areas. A larger difference results in faster diffusion.

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli, despite a smaller pressure gradient compared to oxygen.

During exercise, increased cardiac output reduces capillary transit time. However, the safety factor ensures efficient oxygen uptake.

The percentage of hemoglobin molecules in the blood carrying oxygen.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

The partial pressure of oxygen in blood entering the systemic veins, typically around 40 mm Hg.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs, typically around 104 mm Hg.

The primary site of carbon dioxide production in cells, where it is generated during metabolism.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells, typically around 45 mm Hg.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood entering the systemic veins, typically around 45 mm Hg.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli of the lungs, typically around 40 mm Hg.

The mechanism by which oxygen is carried from the lungs to the tissues. Mainly bound to hemoglobin but a small amount is dissolved directly in plasma.

The amount of oxygen required by the body's tissues at rest, typically about 250 ml per minute.

The percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are bound to oxygen. This saturation is affected by the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2).

A graphical representation of the relationship between hemoglobin saturation and the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). It demonstrates the allosteric binding of oxygen to hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin's ability to bind oxygen is influenced by changes in its shape, which is triggered by factors like PO2 and pH.

Hemoglobin releases oxygen in the systemic capillaries where the partial pressure of oxygen is lower. Only a fraction of the bound oxygen is released.

At rest, the body requires about 250 ml/min of oxygen. Hemoglobin's oxygen binding capacity allows for more than enough oxygen delivery, even at rest.

During exercise, the body's oxygen demand increases significantly. Cardiac output increases to deliver more blood containing oxygen.

Only a small percentage (about 3%) of the total oxygen delivered to tissues is transported as free solution. Most oxygen is transported bound to hemoglobin.

The shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve due to changes in blood pH and PCO2, optimizing oxygen loading in the lungs and unloading in tissues.

Occurs when blood pH increases (more alkaline) or PCO2 decreases, resulting in tighter oxygen binding to hemoglobin.

Occurs when blood pH decreases (more acidic) or PCO2 increases, resulting in easier oxygen release from hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin in fetal blood with a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin, allowing the fetus to extract oxygen from the maternal circulation.

The major form of carbon dioxide transported in the blood, formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.

Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide, contributing to carbon dioxide transport.

The process of removing carbon dioxide from the body via exhalation, primarily through the lungs.