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Questions and Answers
Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________. Select one:
Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________. Select one:
- hypoxic drive (correct)
- CO2 drive
- alternate drive
- COPD drive
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: Select one:
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: Select one:
- The percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen.
- The pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed.
- There must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion.
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. (correct)
Based on the information, the patient is most likely suffering from: You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low-grade fever for the past two days. Select one:
Based on the information, the patient is most likely suffering from: You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low-grade fever for the past two days. Select one:
- Bacterial infection of the epiglottis.
- Inflammation of the bronchioles.
- Inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and bronchospasm.
- Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. (correct)
In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. Select one:
In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. Select one:
This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched 'rattling' sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. Select one:
This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched 'rattling' sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. Select one:
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations? Select one:
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations? Select one:
Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient? Select one:
Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient? Select one:
A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as: Select one:
A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as: Select one:
Asthma is caused by a response of the: Select one:
Asthma is caused by a response of the: Select one:
Crackles (rales) are caused by __________. Select one:
Crackles (rales) are caused by __________. Select one:
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections? Select one:
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections? Select one:
What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Select one:
What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Select one:
'PASTE' is an alternate assessment tool for ___________. Select one:
'PASTE' is an alternate assessment tool for ___________. Select one:
After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: Select one:
After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: Select one:
Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. Select one:
Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. Select one:
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia? Select one:
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia? Select one:
This means that the patient has: When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. Select one:
This means that the patient has: When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. Select one:
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing? Select one:
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing? Select one:
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? Select one:
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? Select one:
Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days. Select one:
Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days. Select one:
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Study Notes
Respiratory Emergencies Key Concepts
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Hypoxic Drive: In patients with chronic respiratory conditions, breathing is primarily stimulated by low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxic drive).
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Pulmonary Gas Exchange: Effective gas exchange requires that oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
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Viral Infections in Children: A 3-year-old with severe shortness of breath, cough, cold, and fever is likely experiencing a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
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Anaphylaxis Management: In cases presenting with acute shortness of breath, hives, and facial swelling, epinephrine is crucial alongside high-flow oxygen.
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Auscultation Findings: Low-pitched "rattling" sounds at lung bases indicate aspiration pneumonia.
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CPAP Contraindications: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is contraindicated in patients with shortness of breath and severely low blood pressure.
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Lung Sound Assessment: Lung sounds are essential for every respiratory patient assessment.
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Pleural Effusion Definition: A pleural effusion is characterized by fluid accumulation outside the lung.
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Asthma Pathophysiology: Asthma results from immune system responses leading to airway obstruction and inflammation.
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Crackles (Rales): These sounds occur due to air passing through fluid in the lungs.
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Cystic Fibrosis: This genetic disorder makes patients prone to frequent lung infections.
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Spontaneous Pneumothorax Indicators: A patient with emphysema and acute dyspnea following a cough may have a spontaneous pneumothorax, evident by diminished breath sounds.
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PASTE Assessment Tool: "PASTE" is an assessment tool for evaluating respiratory patients.
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Inhaler Use in Asthma: After using a metered-dose inhaler, patients should hold their breath to maximize medication absorption.
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Tuberculosis Symptoms: Symptoms like chronic cough, green sputum, and night sweats may indicate tuberculosis, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Hypoxia Risk Factors: Severe anxiety is least likely to result in hypoxia compared to conditions like narcotic overdose or pulmonary edema.
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Adventitious Lung Sounds: The presence of adventitious sounds suggests abnormal lung conditions.
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Characteristics of Adequate Breathing: Adequate breathing is characterized by a respiratory rate of around 24 breaths per minute with equal breath sounds and normal skin color.
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Respiration Site: Primary respiration occurs in the alveoli where gas exchange happens.
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Bronchiolitis Identification: Signs of decreased air entry and wheezing in a young child with a recent chest infection may indicate bronchiolitis, often associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
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