Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
What is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
- Hemodynamic disturbances
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Deep vein thrombosis in the lower leg (correct)
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Which condition is characterized by increased vascular permeability and protein-rich fluid leakage into the alveoli?
Which condition is characterized by increased vascular permeability and protein-rich fluid leakage into the alveoli?
- Deep vein thrombosis in the lower leg
- Pulmonary hypertension (correct)
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Hemodynamic disturbances
What is the imaging test of choice for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?
What is the imaging test of choice for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?
- Chest CT angiography (correct)
- Echocardiography
- Doppler ultrasound of the lower limb
- Chest X-ray
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
What is the term for the condition resulting from a blood clot forming within a vein?
What is the term for the condition resulting from a blood clot forming within a vein?
Flashcards
Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary Edema
Fluid accumulation in the lungs due to hemodynamic issues or capillary permeability increases.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
A severe lung condition caused by infections or injuries leading to increased vascular permeability.
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage in the lung arteries, often caused by clots from DVT.
Virchow's Triad
Virchow's Triad
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Chest CT Angiography
Chest CT Angiography
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Diseases of Vascular Origin
- Common vascular lung conditions include pulmonary edema, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
Pulmonary Edema
- Caused by hemodynamic disturbances or increased capillary permeability due to microvascular injury.
Causes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- ARDS involves infections, physical injuries, inhaled irritants, and chemical injuries.
- Diffuse endothelial damage in ARDS leads to increased vascular permeability and leakage of protein-rich fluid into the alveoli.
Pulmonary Embolism
- Often originates from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower leg.
- D-dimer is a blood test used to screen for DVT.
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism
- Prolonged bed rest, leg surgery, and congestive heart failure (CHF).
Thrombosis
- Virchow's triad: endothelial injury, stasis/turbulent flow, and hypercoagulability of blood.
Diagnostic Tests for Pulmonary Embolism
- Chest CT angiography is the preferred imaging test.
- Possible complications: decreased cardiac output, right heart failure
Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary Embolism
- Symptoms include dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough, calf pain, wheezing, and hemoptysis.
Diagnostic Tests (cont.)
- Chest CT angiography, Doppler ultrasound of the lower limb, and echocardiography.
Types of Thrombi
- Arterial thrombi form at sites of endothelial injury.
- Venous thrombi, also called phlebothrombosis.
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