Pulmonary Diseases of Vascular Notes PDF

Pulmonary diseases of vascular Pulmonary Diseases of Vascular Origin: Common vascular disorders of the lungs include pulmonary edema, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Pu...

Pulmonary diseases of vascular Pulmonary Diseases of Vascular Origin: Common vascular disorders of the lungs include pulmonary edema, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Pulmonary Edema: Can result from hemodynamic disturbances or direct increases in capillary permeability due to microvascular injury. Causes of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome): Include infections, physical injuries, inhaled irritants, chemical injuries Diffuse endothelial damage in ARDS leads to increased vascular permeability and protein-rich fluid leakage into the alveoli. Pulmonary Embolism: Most often arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower leg. D-dimer is the blood test used to screen patients for DVT  Risk factors include prolonged bed rest, leg surgery, CHF, cancer. Thrombosis: Virchow's triad includes endothelial injury, stasis or turbulent flow, and hypercoagulability of blood, leading to thrombus formation. Diagnostic Tests and Complications: Chest CT angiography is the imaging test of choice for pulmonary embolism. Complications of pulmonary embolism may include decreased cardiac output, right heart failure, and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Clinical Presentation: Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough, calf pain, wheezing, and hemoptysis. Diagnostic tests include chest CT angiography, Doppler ultrasound of the lower limb, and echocardiography. Types of Thrombi: Arterial thrombi: it is formed at the site of endothelial injury. Venous thrombi: also called phlebothrombosis.