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Questions and Answers
What condition is primarily associated with passive accumulation of blood in pulmonary vessels and capillaries?
What type of cells are referred to as 'heart failure cells'?
Which of the following closely describes acquired atelectasis?
What is a characteristic histological finding in pulmonary congestion?
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What causes pulmonary emphysema?
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Congestion
- Passive accumulation of blood in pulmonary vessels and capillaries
- Often results from heart failure (left side)
- Grossly, pulmonary lobes appear diffusely red
- Except for cranial margins, which appear white
- Lung edema is present
Histology of Pulmonary Congestion
- Heart Failure Cells are found within the alveoli (alveolar macrophages filled with hemosiderin)
- Congested capillaries leak fluid and erythrocytes into alveolar space
- This leads to edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhages
- RBCs lysis and release hemosiderin, which is phagocytized by alveolar macrophages forming "Heart failure cells"
Ruptured Pulmonary Aneurysm
- Large abscess erodes a major pulmonary vessel
Abnormalities of Inflation
-
Collapsed (Atelectasis)
- Loss of air content in previously inflated alveoli
- Causes include:
- Complete airway obstruction
- Pulmonary compression (e.g., tympany, hydrothorax, traumatic pericarditis)
- Grossly, the lung has a meaty appearance (red and firm)
- The collapsed lung is depressed relative to adjacent normal lung
-
Overinflated (Emphysema)
- Overinflation of alveoli with destruction of walls
- Incomplete obstruction of bronchi or bronchioles (e.g., foreign body or exudate) interferes with expiration
- Alveolar emphysema is characterized by enlargement and rupture of the alveolar walls
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Description
Test your knowledge on pulmonary congestion, its histology, and abnormalities of lung inflation. This quiz covers the impacts of heart failure on pulmonary blood vessels, the formation of heart failure cells, and the effects of ruptured pulmonary aneurysms on lung health. Dive into lung pathology and understand the critical conditions that affect respiratory function.
