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Questions and Answers
Match the pulmonary conditions with their descriptions:
Match the pulmonary conditions with their descriptions:
Pulmonary Congestion = Passive accumulation of blood in pulmonary vessels Ruptured Pulmonary Aneurism = Large abscess erodes major pulmonary vessel Atelectasis = Collapsed alveoli due to loss of air content Emphysema = Overinflation of alveoli with destruction of walls
Match the causes of acquired atelectasis with their types:
Match the causes of acquired atelectasis with their types:
Complete airway obstruction = Type of acquired atelectasis Pulmonary compression = Loss of air content in previously inflated alveoli Tympany = A form of pulmonary compression causing atelectasis Hydrothorax = A condition affecting lung inflation
Match the histological findings with their significance in pulmonary conditions:
Match the histological findings with their significance in pulmonary conditions:
Heart failure cells = Alveolar macrophages filled with hemosiderin Fluid escape = Leads to edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhages Congested capillaries = Accumulation of blood in pulmonary vasculature RBC lysis = Releases hemosiderin into the alveolar space
Match the characteristics with the respective pulmonary conditions:
Match the characteristics with the respective pulmonary conditions:
Match the pulmonary symptoms with their associated conditions:
Match the pulmonary symptoms with their associated conditions:
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Congestion
- Passive accumulation of blood in pulmonary vessels and capillaries.
- Often a result of heart failure (Left Side)
- Grossly:
- Diffuse red discoloration of all pulmonary lobes.
- Except cranial margins.
- Lung edema.
- Histology:
- HEART FAILURE CELLS within the alveoli (alveolar macrophages filled with hemosiderin).
- Congested capillaries escape fluid and erythrocytes into the alveolar space.
- Edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhages lead to RBCs lysis and releases hemosiderin.
- Hemosiderin is phagocytized by alveolar macrophages "Heart failure cells".
Ruptured Pulmonary Aneurysm
- Large abscess that erodes major pulmonary vessel.
Abnormalities of Inflation
- Collapsed (Atelectasis) - The previously inflated alveoli loss their air content.
- Overinflated (Emphysema) - Over inflation of alveoli by air with destruction of walls.
Acquired Atelectasis
- Causes:
- Complete airway obstruction
- Pulmonary compression:
- Tympany
- Hydrothorax
- Traumatic pericarditis.
- Grossly:
- Lung show a meaty appearance (red and firm)
- Depressed in relation to the adjacent normal.
Pulmonary Emphysema
- Causes:
- Incomplete obstruction of bronchi or bronchiole (foreign body or exudate) interfere with the expiration.
- Characterized by enlargement and rupture of the alveolar walls.
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