Public Health Disease Surveillance Quiz

<p>Eradication means complete extinction of the disease agent, while elimination means control in an area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public awareness initiatives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced duration of disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent removal of the infectious agent from nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing disease incidence and effects in populations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducting routine measurements to detect changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disease prevalence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active detection of disease outbreaks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analysis of health data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tracking the number of antibiotic prescriptions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assesses how well the test can predict outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under-reporting of diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring focuses on routine measurements; surveillance on outbreak detection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide detailed observation and data on disease occurrence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminating all cases of a disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It identifies outbreaks and hotspots for timely intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has sporadically affected regions in Africa since 1967 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inaccurate data collection methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tracking direct patient data during an outbreak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>India and the Philippines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low immunization coverage and outbreaks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detecting unusual patterns of illness based on symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can provide early warning signs of outbreaks in high-risk populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often produces false alarms due to symptom overreporting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It predicted flu outbreaks based on search queries for symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides rapid detection valuable in early outbreak stages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of sufficient healthcare personnel and infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gather information from a small, representative sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can highlight trends that traditional methods may miss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak surveillance systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Training healthcare workers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitated the development and deployment of a new vaccine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthening of disease surveillance systems in low-resource settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By implementing quarantine measures and contact tracing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accurate data and timely reporting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential for detecting and preventing outbreaks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smallpox was completely eradicated by 1980. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ring vaccination of individuals in close contact with infected persons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provided essential resources like vaccines and technical assistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of surveillance units by WHO. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 out of every 10 people infected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a balance between the disease agent, host, and environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination and public health measures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential for planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practices.

A more specific and active process of detecting disease outbreaks, involving the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data for early warning and response.

The performance and analysis of routine measurements aimed at detecting changes in the environment or health status of a population.

Examples: Recording vaccination coverage rates across regions to ensure compliance with immunization programs.

Examples: Monitoring hospital infection rates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) over years to assess long-term trends.

Examples: Monitoring air quality and its impact on respiratory diseases (e.g, their effect on asthma cases).

Examples: The spread of Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 in 2022.

Examples: Monitoring for new cases of polio in countries at risk of re-emergence.

Providing timely information about emerging or changing health trends in a population, including morbidity, mortality, and factors influencing health.

Using surveillance data to adapt policies and improve health systems for more effective disease prevention and control.

Providing early warning of public health emergencies, allowing for timely intervention and resource mobilization.

Systematically collecting data from various sources like hospitals, labs, and communities to track disease patterns.

Collecting data from hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and communities to monitor the spread of diseases.

Actively seeking out and tracking disease cases, especially in populations at high risk.

Collecting data on MDR-TB, a highly drug-resistant form of tuberculosis, from various sources to monitor its spread.

A method for early disease detection that involves collecting data from a select group of healthcare providers, representing key populations, during flu season.

Strengths: Provides early warnings, less resource-intensive. Weaknesses: Limited scope, data might not be generalizable.

A surveillance method that uses real-time data from non-traditional sources like pharmacy sales, school absenteeism, or online searches to detect unusual patterns of illness.

Objectives: Detect outbreaks before laboratory confirmation, monitor health trends using real-time data, respond quickly to emerging threats.

An experimental Google service that predicted flu outbreaks based on people's search queries for flu-related symptoms. It showcased the potential of syndromic surveillance for early insights into disease spread.

Strengths: Rapid detection, utilizes non-traditional data sources. Weaknesses: May produce false alarms, requires sophisticated data analysis.

Which type of surveillance system is best for detecting new, emerging diseases?

What challenges might exist in implementing active surveillance in low-resource countries?

The ability to quickly identify and respond to a disease outbreak is crucial for controlling the spread of the disease.

The global response to Ebola involved international cooperation between countries, organizations, and communities.

Quarantine measures, treatment centres, and contact tracing were used to manage the spread of Ebola.

The Ebola outbreak demonstrated the importance of enhancing surveillance systems in areas with limited resources.

A system that continually gathers, analyzes, and interprets health data to understand disease patterns and guide public health actions.

Accurate data, timely reporting, and international collaboration are essential for effective disease surveillance.

Different types of surveillance systems exist to address specific needs, ranging from local to global level.

Studying the natural progression of disease, including its cause, transmission, and impact on public health interventions.

The situation where a disease's presence is very low but still persists due to hidden sources of infection and factors like resistance in the host or transmission methods.

A strategy for controlling disease outbreaks by identifying and vaccinating individuals in close contact with infected persons.

A key element in disease eradication that involves gathering and analyzing data to track outbreaks and identify areas of high risk.

The first human disease eradicated globally, achieved through vaccination and public health efforts.

A program initiated by WHO in 1967 focused on eliminating smallpox through surveillance and vaccination.

Early detection played a crucial role by promptly identifying outbreaks and vaccinating affected populations.

A program designed to monitor influenza virus activity around the world, collecting data and coordinating responses to outbreaks.

Public health interventions focused on stopping Ebola outbreaks.

Lowering disease occurrence, duration, and severity, and minimizing financial burden.

Reducing the incidence of a specific disease or infection to zero in a particular area. Requires continuous efforts to prevent its re-emergence.

Globally achieving zero incidence of a disease or infection due to deliberate efforts. Requires permanent measures to prevent its return.

A control measure where a disease is no longer considered a public health issue, but it still exists.

The level of disease control where the agent causing the disease is permanently removed from nature. Examples include smallpox.

The level of control where the disease manifestation is reduced, making it no longer a public health problem.