Psychosocial Factors in Stress Management

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Questions and Answers

What regulates compensatory mechanisms in response to stress?

Hormonal system

Somatic Nervous System

Cerebral cortex

Autonomic Nervous System (correct)

What is the primary function of negative feedback mechanisms?

To promote cell differentiation

To monitor and restore homeostasis (correct)

To initiate inflammation

To enhance any perturbation to the system

What is dysplasia characterized by?

Reversible cellular adaptations

Transformation of one cell type into another

An increase in muscle cell size

Irregular changes in cell size and shape (correct)

Which mechanism helps to restore stability when deviations from a set point occur?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when tissues undergo metaplasia?

Cells transform into a less specialized type Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of the scrub nurse during surgery?

Performing a surgical hand scrub Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parameters is NOT typically regulated by homeostatic mechanisms?

Uncontrolled cell growth Signup and view all the answers

Which task is NOT typically performed by the circulating nurse?

Setting up sterile tables Signup and view all the answers

What does positive feedback mechanisms do in response to a disturbance?

Perpetuate the original disturbance Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best represents a compensatory response to blood loss?

Increase in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tasks does the scrub nurse perform after surgery?

Counting all needles, sponges, and instruments Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main roles of the circulating nurse?

Continuous assessment of the patient Signup and view all the answers

Which individual heads the surgical team?

The surgeon Signup and view all the answers

Which responsibility is specifically associated with the anesthesiologist?

Administering anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What does the scrub nurse prepare for surgical procedures?

Sutures, ligatures, and special equipment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the circulating nurse?

They are responsible for patient safety and health. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for minimizing movement in the operating room?

To reduce air contamination from personnel movement Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about patients under general anesthesia is true?

They require assistance in maintaining a patent airway. Signup and view all the answers

What role does non-scrubbed personnel play in the operating room?

They can be sources of cross-contamination. Signup and view all the answers

In the operating room, how is a scrubbed team member’s gown treated?

It is considered sterile. Signup and view all the answers

What type of instruments may be a source of cross-contamination during surgery?

Unsterile instruments Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms might a patient experience in Stage 1 of anesthesia?

Warmth, dizziness, and detachment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical for scrubbed team members to face the sterile field at all times?

To maintain sterility and avoid contamination Signup and view all the answers

What might occur to the ventilatory function of a patient under general anesthesia?

It is impaired and requires assistance Signup and view all the answers

What factors can influence a person's experience of pain?

Patient's previous experiences with pain Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assess the timing of pain?

It provides information about onset, duration, and changes in patterns. Signup and view all the answers

How can the location of pain be best determined?

By having the patient point to the area involved. Signup and view all the answers

What does the quality of pain refer to?

The patient's description of the pain using their own words. Signup and view all the answers

What impact can pain have on a patient's daily activities?

It may hinder activities of daily living (ADLs) or self-care. Signup and view all the answers

How can patient education help in managing anxiety related to pain?

By informing the patient about the nature of the pain and management options. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding a patient's personal meaning of pain?

It helps develop a more personalized approach to pain management. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom can affect a patient’s response to pain?

Anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What is secondary appraisal primarily concerned with?

Evaluating coping potential and future expectancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes chronic intermittent stressors?

Stressors that are irregular but long-lasting Signup and view all the answers

What could be considered an example of a major complex occurrence according to the content?

A historical event affecting a large population Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best characterizes reappraisal in the context of stress appraisal?

It is a change of opinion based on new information. Signup and view all the answers

What type of appraisal is focused on the emotional responses developed from stressors?

Emotional appraisal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a day-to-day frustration?

Being caught in a traffic jam Signup and view all the answers

What is an acute, time-limited stressor associated with?

Studying for final examinations Signup and view all the answers

What actions might occur during secondary appraisal?

Assigning blame to others for a frustrating situation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stress and Appraisal Processes

Physical stressors include cold, health, and chemical agents.
Physiologic stressors involve pain and fatigue.
Psychosocial stressors can arise from fear of failing examinations or job loss.

Types of Appraisal

Secondary appraisal evaluates potential responses to a stressful event, including coping strategies and future outcomes.
Key actions: Assigning blame, assessing coping potential, and determining potential for positive or negative change.
Reappraisal involves changing opinions based on new information, influencing emotional responses.

Types and Scope of Stressors

Day-to-day frustrations (e.g., traffic jams, computer downtimes) are common.
Major events influence large groups and historical changes (e.g., tech advancements, economic shifts).
Acute stressors are time-limited (e.g., studying for finals); chronic stressors may be ongoing or intermittent.

Homeostasis and Control Mechanisms

Compensatory mechanisms maintain homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Negative feedback mechanisms restore balance when conditions deviate from normal ranges (e.g., blood pressure, temperature).
Positive feedback mechanisms perpetuate responses to disturbances, instead of counteracting them.

Pain Assessment & Management

Pain characteristics include onset timing, duration, location (radiating vs. referred), and quality.
Pain influences daily activities and self-care, necessitating thorough assessments.
Anxiety can exacerbate pain experiences, and education about pain management is vital.

Surgical Team Roles

Scrub nurse performs surgical hand scrubs, prepares sterile equipment, assists during procedures, and ensures no instruments are retained post-surgery.
Circulating nurse manages the operating room, monitors patient safety, and conditions.
Surgeon performs the operation and leads the surgical team.
Anesthesiologist administers anesthesia, ensuring patient safety and managing ventilatory function during surgery.

Operating Room Protocols

Movement in the OR is minimized to reduce contamination risk; only necessary personnel should enter.
Non-scrubbed personnel must not reach over sterile fields to prevent cross-contamination.
Patient safety is paramount: those under general anesthesia remain unresponsive to stimuli.

Anesthesia Stages and Effects

Stage 1 of anesthesia may involve warmth, dizziness, and feelings of detachment.
Auditory sensations (ringing or buzzing) may occur even while still conscious.
Patients lose their ability to maintain ventilatory function during general anesthesia, requiring airway management.

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Description

This quiz explores the physical, physiological, and psychosocial factors that contribute to stress and coping mechanisms. It emphasizes the importance of secondary appraisal in evaluating stressors and potential actions to mitigate their impact. Test your knowledge on how these aspects influence health and wellbeing.