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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of community psychologists?
What is the primary focus of community psychologists?
Which of the following is a method used by structuralists in psychological study?
Which of the following is a method used by structuralists in psychological study?
In which subfield do psychologists study the relationship between risky behaviors and health issues?
In which subfield do psychologists study the relationship between risky behaviors and health issues?
What role do school psychologists primarily play in educational settings?
What role do school psychologists primarily play in educational settings?
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What do organisational psychologists primarily study?
What do organisational psychologists primarily study?
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What primarily determines the location of the peak on the basilar membrane?
What primarily determines the location of the peak on the basilar membrane?
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Which theory explains the coding of lower frequency sounds?
Which theory explains the coding of lower frequency sounds?
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How do auditory nerve fibers encode high-frequency sounds?
How do auditory nerve fibers encode high-frequency sounds?
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What is a limitation of place theory in sound frequency coding?
What is a limitation of place theory in sound frequency coding?
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What role does frequency matching theory play in sound perception?
What role does frequency matching theory play in sound perception?
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What state of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement and resembles the waking state?
What state of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement and resembles the waking state?
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What is the primary function of the circadian rhythm in humans?
What is the primary function of the circadian rhythm in humans?
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Which theory suggests that hypnosis does not create an altered state of consciousness?
Which theory suggests that hypnosis does not create an altered state of consciousness?
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What disorder allows individuals to act out their dreams due to retained muscle tone during REM sleep?
What disorder allows individuals to act out their dreams due to retained muscle tone during REM sleep?
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What aspect of sleep is believed to be important due to its occurrence early in the night?
What aspect of sleep is believed to be important due to its occurrence early in the night?
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What does the activation-synthesis theory propose?
What does the activation-synthesis theory propose?
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What phenomenon is characterized by a heightened responsiveness to suggestions?
What phenomenon is characterized by a heightened responsiveness to suggestions?
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Jet lag is primarily caused by a disruption in which biological cycle?
Jet lag is primarily caused by a disruption in which biological cycle?
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What does the Cannon central theory propose about emotions?
What does the Cannon central theory propose about emotions?
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According to the James-Lange peripheral theory, what associates with anger?
According to the James-Lange peripheral theory, what associates with anger?
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What role do cognitive interpretations play in the Schachter-Singer theory?
What role do cognitive interpretations play in the Schachter-Singer theory?
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What example illustrates the outcome of the cognitive interpretation of an event?
What example illustrates the outcome of the cognitive interpretation of an event?
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What does Darwin's argument about innate expressions of emotions suggest?
What does Darwin's argument about innate expressions of emotions suggest?
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What physiological response is typically associated with fear according to James-Lange theory?
What physiological response is typically associated with fear according to James-Lange theory?
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How does the Cannon central theory differ from the James-Lange theory regarding emotional experiences?
How does the Cannon central theory differ from the James-Lange theory regarding emotional experiences?
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In the context of emotional responses, what does the term 'autonomic arousal' refer to?
In the context of emotional responses, what does the term 'autonomic arousal' refer to?
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What is the phase characterized by increased heart rate, respiration, and muscle tension when facing stress?
What is the phase characterized by increased heart rate, respiration, and muscle tension when facing stress?
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Which stage follows the alarm reaction and involves the body resisting the stressor over a long term?
Which stage follows the alarm reaction and involves the body resisting the stressor over a long term?
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What type of psychological change might one experience during prolonged stress?
What type of psychological change might one experience during prolonged stress?
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Which of the following best describes psychopathology?
Which of the following best describes psychopathology?
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What is the primary focus of the sociocultural perspective in understanding mental disorders?
What is the primary focus of the sociocultural perspective in understanding mental disorders?
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Which method of coping with stress involves viewing challenges positively?
Which method of coping with stress involves viewing challenges positively?
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Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of major psychopathological syndromes?
Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of major psychopathological syndromes?
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Which therapy approach is primarily focused on addressing maladaptive thoughts to change behavior?
Which therapy approach is primarily focused on addressing maladaptive thoughts to change behavior?
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Study Notes
Psychology Subfields
- Educational and School Psychologists conduct research on teaching and learning and provide support to teachers and students.
- Community psychologists are focused on preventing psychological disorders by promoting resilience.
- Health psychologists study factors related to health such as risky behaviors and the likelihood of health issues.
- Social Psychologists study peoples’ social interactions, how they think about themselves and others, and how people influence each other.
- Organisational Psychologists conduct research on leadership, stress, competition, pay rates, and other workplace factors that affect employee efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction.
- Cultural and Cross Cultural Psychologists study the interactions between differing cultural groups.
- Environmental Psychologists study the effects of the environment on peoples’ behavior and mental processes.
Important Theories in The Study of Hearing
- Place theory: suggests specific hair cells respond most to a particular frequency of sound.
- Frequency matching theory (aka. Volley theory): the firing rate of an auditory nerve matches a sound waves frequency.
Sleep Stages
- Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep: brain activity and other functions resemble the waking state but the person experiences rapid eye movements and virtual muscle paralysis.
Circadian Rhythm
- A cycle that repeats approximately once a day, such as waking and sleeping.
- Controlled by the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus.
Theories of Dreaming
- Wish fulfillment (Sigmund Freud): Satisfy unconscious urges and resolve unconscious conflicts.
- Activation-synthesis theory : Signals from the hindbrain activate the cerebral cortex.
Altered States of Consciousness
- Hypnosis: A phenomenon induced by specific techniques characterized by varying degrees of responsiveness to suggestions for changes in experience and behaviour.
- Hypnotic susceptibility: The degree to which a person responds to hypnotic suggestions.
Theories of Hypnosis
- State theories of hypnosis: Hypnosis creates an altered state of consciousness.
- Non-state theories of hypnosis (role theory): Hypnosis does not create an altered state of consciousness.
- Dissociation theory: Combines aspects of role and state theories.
Emotional Theories
- Cannon-Bard theory: The brain generates direct experiences of emotion.
- James-Lange theory: Emotions are created by awareness of specific patterns of peripheral (autonomic) responses.
- Cognitive – Schachter-Singer; Lazarus: Cognitive interpretations of events and of physiological reactions to them shape emotional experiences.
Stress Response
- Alarm reaction – initial response, involves elevated heart rate, respiration and muscle tension.
- Resistance – the body works hard to resist the stressor long-term.
- Exhaustion – the body’s systems involved in resisting the stressor eventually break down.
Psychological Disorders
- Psychopathology: Patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive or uncomfortable for those who are affected or for those with whom they come into contact.
- Sociocultural context: Mental disorders in relation to factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and other social and cultural factors.
Psychoneuroimmunology
- The field of research on the interaction of psychological, social, behavioral, neural, hormonal, and immune system processes that affect the body's defenses against disease.
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Description
Explore the diverse subfields of psychology, including educational, community, health, social, organisational, cultural, and environmental psychology. Additionally, delve into important theories in the study of hearing such as place theory. This quiz invites you to understand the complexities of human behavior and the various factors that influence psychological practices.
