Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals lose their sense of individuality and exhibit deviant behavior in a group setting?
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals lose their sense of individuality and exhibit deviant behavior in a group setting?
Which of the following is NOT a technique to prevent groupthink?
Which of the following is NOT a technique to prevent groupthink?
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group setting due to the presence of others?
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group setting due to the presence of others?
What is the term for the style of decision-making characterized by an excessive tendency to seek concurrence among group members?
What is the term for the style of decision-making characterized by an excessive tendency to seek concurrence among group members?
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What is the term for a situation in which a self-interested choice by everyone will create the worst outcome for everyone?
What is the term for a situation in which a self-interested choice by everyone will create the worst outcome for everyone?
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What is the term for the phenomenon where group discussions exaggerate initial tendencies in the thinking of group members?
What is the term for the phenomenon where group discussions exaggerate initial tendencies in the thinking of group members?
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Which of the following is a technique to increase the production of creative ideas in a group setting?
Which of the following is a technique to increase the production of creative ideas in a group setting?
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What is the term for the theory that people become barbaric in a crowd?
What is the term for the theory that people become barbaric in a crowd?
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What was the purpose of Zimbardo's prison study?
What was the purpose of Zimbardo's prison study?
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What is the term for the process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks?
What is the term for the process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks?
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What is the term for a set of rules that govern the behavior of a group or society?
What is the term for a set of rules that govern the behavior of a group or society?
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According to the drive theory, what is the primary motivation behind social facilitation?
According to the drive theory, what is the primary motivation behind social facilitation?
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What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone?
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone?
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What is the term for the process of surrender of personal responsibility and anonymity in a group?
What is the term for the process of surrender of personal responsibility and anonymity in a group?
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What is the term for the fear of being evaluated by others?
What is the term for the fear of being evaluated by others?
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What is the term for the idea that people hold others in higher esteem when they successfully compete with us?
What is the term for the idea that people hold others in higher esteem when they successfully compete with us?
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According to the Self-Awareness Theory, what happens when people focus on themselves?
According to the Self-Awareness Theory, what happens when people focus on themselves?
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What is the primary motivation behind self-enhancement, according to the theory?
What is the primary motivation behind self-enhancement, according to the theory?
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What is the term for the tendency to take credit for positive events but blame external factors for negative events?
What is the term for the tendency to take credit for positive events but blame external factors for negative events?
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What is the primary way people protect their self-esteem, according to the theory?
What is the primary way people protect their self-esteem, according to the theory?
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What is the term for the tendency to believe one is better than average, and to think highly of oneself?
What is the term for the tendency to believe one is better than average, and to think highly of oneself?
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According to the theory, how can self-focus be positive?
According to the theory, how can self-focus be positive?
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What is the theory that explains how people cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help preserve their self-esteem?
What is the theory that explains how people cope with the fear of their own death by constructing worldviews that help preserve their self-esteem?
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What is the term for the process of comparing oneself to others who are less fortunate or inferior?
What is the term for the process of comparing oneself to others who are less fortunate or inferior?
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Study Notes
Social Influence and Group Dynamics
- Latane's clapping/cheering studies: found that motion loss equals social loafing, where individuals exert less effort when working in a group.
- Deindividuation: loss of a person's sense of individuality and reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior.
Crowd Behavior
- LeBon's theory of crowd behavior: people become barbaric and form a social identity, shifting from personal to shared social identity as a crowd member.
Group Decision Making
- Brainstorming: a technique that attempts to increase the production of creative ideas by encouraging group members to speak freely without criticizing their own or others' contributions.
- Groupthink: a group decision-making style characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence, which can override rational decision-making processes.
- Preventing groupthink: wide consultation with outsiders, encouragement of criticism, use of sub-groups to discuss issues, and follow-up meetings.
Group Polarization
- Exaggeration of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members through group discussion.
Social Dilemmas
- Situations in which a self-interested choice by everyone will create the worst outcome for everyone.
Social Status
- Some roles/role occupants/groups have more prestige.
- Fesinger's (1954) social comparison theory: people hold others who successfully compete with them in higher regard.
Norms
- Rules of conduct for members, which can be formal or informal, descriptive and prescriptive.
- Characteristics: explicit or implicit, fairly resistant to change, and can influence the individual in the absence of the group.
Social Facilitation
- Process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks.
- Studies:
- Triplett's (1898) experiment: people cycled faster when paced than alone.
- Zajonc's (1965) drive theory: arousal drives energy to produce dominant response.
Social Loafing
- Group-produced reduction in individual output on tasks where contributions are pooled.
Evaluation Apprehension Theory
- Fear of evaluation by others produces social facilitation.
Distraction-Conflict Theory
- Distraction from the task is the key to social facilitation.
Self-Awareness Theory
- Self-focused attention leads people to notice self-discrepancies, thereby motivating persons to mind an escape from self-awareness or change in behavior.
Self-Enhancement
- People are motivated to feel good about themselves, which can affect their thoughts and behavior.
- Better than average effect: people thinking they're better than average and have biased self-enhancement.
Self-Serving Beliefs
- Person takes credit for positive events but blames external factors for negative events, leading to self-enhancing recollections and biased opinions.
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Description
This quiz covers topics in social psychology, including Latane's studies on social loafing, Deindividuation, LeBon's theory of crowd behavior, and group decision making techniques such as brainstorming.
