Intergroup Relations and Crowd Behavior

What are the factors that influence our behavior in crowds?

Motivation and goals, presence of opposition, environmental cues, perception of injustice

What are Le Bon’s 3 characteristics of crowd behavior?

Anonymity, suggestibility, contagion

What is deindividuation?

Tendency to not follow normal rules of behavior as a result of being anonymous and having low levels of self-awareness and accountability

What did Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate about roles and accountability?

Guards were overly aggressive and prisoners were submissive due to identification with roles; decreased accountability in group settings Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Identity Theory, what promotes in-group favoritism and outgroup derogation?

Threats to self-esteem; affiliating with successful groups; status of the in-group Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between group size and loyalty?

The smaller the group, the more likely you are to be loyal to it Signup and view all the answers

What influences our behavior in crowds according to the text?

Motivation and goals; presence of opposition; environmental cues; perception of injustice Signup and view all the answers

What is Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment known for demonstrating about roles?

Guards were overly aggressive and prisoners submissive due to identification with roles Signup and view all the answers

What does Social Identity Theory indicate about threats to self-esteem?

Promote in-group favoritism and outgroup derogation Signup and view all the answers

What is deindividuation according to the text?

Tendency to not follow normal rules of behavior as a result of being anonymous and having low levels of self-awareness and accountability Signup and view all the answers

What theory explains that conflict between different groups results from individuals’ self-interest motives in competition for resources?

Realistic Conflict Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the perception where each group sees its own behavior as caused by the actions of the other side?

Mirror-image perception Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves unilateral and persistent efforts to establish trust and cooperation between groups?

GRIT (graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for goals that can be achieved only if members of both groups cooperate?

Superordinate goals Signup and view all the answers

What form of relative deprivation is described as feeling deprived as a result of comparing status of your group with that of another group?

Fraternalistic deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What strategy involves seeking an agreement through direct negotiation between both groups?

Bargaining Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions necessary for relative deprivation to occur?

Perception of deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the tendency to believe one’s ethnic or cultural group is preferable and that all others should be evaluated in relation to one’s ethnicity?

Ethnocentrism Signup and view all the answers

In which type of society are group members seen as homogenous and a strong distinction between ingroups and outgroups exists?

Collectivistic societies Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the behavioural and psychological changes that happen when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact?

Acculturation Signup and view all the answers

Which acculturation strategy involves maintaining one’s own culture while participating in the larger society?

Integration Signup and view all the answers

What do collectivistic societies tend to see negotiating as?

A social activity Signup and view all the answers

What does the linear process model of acculturation suggest?

As individuals learn the values and behaviors of a new culture, they lose their own cultural values and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the cultural pluralism model of acculturation propose?

Members of an ethnic group can maintain their own culture while adapting to mainstream society. Signup and view all the answers

What is demanded by larger society in the context of acculturation?

Segregation (limited contact with minorities) Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is considered the best for acculturation?

Integration: Maintain one’s own culture; participate in larger society Signup and view all the answers