Intergroup Relations and Crowd Behavior

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Questions and Answers

What are the factors that influence our behavior in crowds?

Motivation and goals, presence of opposition, environmental cues, perception of injustice (correct)

Anonymity, suggestibility, contagion, deindividuation

Personal identity, affiliating with successful groups, status of the in-group, group size

Social identity, anonymity, deindividuation, group size

What are Le Bon’s 3 characteristics of crowd behavior?

Suggestibility, contagion, accountability

Anonymity, deindividuation, accountability

Deindividuation, status of the in-group, group size

Anonymity, suggestibility, contagion (correct)

What is deindividuation?

Enhanced self-esteem made up of personal and social identity

Decrease in self-awareness and focus on individual behaviors in a group setting

Affiliating with successful groups increases self-worth

Tendency to not follow normal rules of behavior as a result of being anonymous and having low levels of self-awareness and accountability (correct)

What did Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate about roles and accountability?

Guards were overly aggressive and prisoners were submissive due to identification with roles; decreased accountability in group settings Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Identity Theory, what promotes in-group favoritism and outgroup derogation?

Threats to self-esteem; affiliating with successful groups; status of the in-group Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between group size and loyalty?

The smaller the group, the more likely you are to be loyal to it Signup and view all the answers

What influences our behavior in crowds according to the text?

Motivation and goals; presence of opposition; environmental cues; perception of injustice Signup and view all the answers

What is Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment known for demonstrating about roles?

Guards were overly aggressive and prisoners submissive due to identification with roles Signup and view all the answers

What does Social Identity Theory indicate about threats to self-esteem?

Promote in-group favoritism and outgroup derogation Signup and view all the answers

What is deindividuation according to the text?

Tendency to not follow normal rules of behavior as a result of being anonymous and having low levels of self-awareness and accountability Signup and view all the answers

What theory explains that conflict between different groups results from individuals’ self-interest motives in competition for resources?

Realistic Conflict Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the perception where each group sees its own behavior as caused by the actions of the other side?

Mirror-image perception Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves unilateral and persistent efforts to establish trust and cooperation between groups?

GRIT (graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for goals that can be achieved only if members of both groups cooperate?

Superordinate goals Signup and view all the answers

What form of relative deprivation is described as feeling deprived as a result of comparing status of your group with that of another group?

Fraternalistic deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What strategy involves seeking an agreement through direct negotiation between both groups?

Bargaining Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions necessary for relative deprivation to occur?

Perception of deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the tendency to believe one’s ethnic or cultural group is preferable and that all others should be evaluated in relation to one’s ethnicity?

Ethnocentrism Signup and view all the answers

In which type of society are group members seen as homogenous and a strong distinction between ingroups and outgroups exists?

Collectivistic societies Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the behavioural and psychological changes that happen when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact?

Acculturation Signup and view all the answers

Which acculturation strategy involves maintaining one’s own culture while participating in the larger society?

Integration Signup and view all the answers

What do collectivistic societies tend to see negotiating as?

A social activity Signup and view all the answers

What does the linear process model of acculturation suggest?

As individuals learn the values and behaviors of a new culture, they lose their own cultural values and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the cultural pluralism model of acculturation propose?

Members of an ethnic group can maintain their own culture while adapting to mainstream society. Signup and view all the answers

What is demanded by larger society in the context of acculturation?

Segregation (limited contact with minorities) Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is considered the best for acculturation?

Integration: Maintain one’s own culture; participate in larger society Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Influencing Crowd Behavior

Factors that influence our behavior in crowds include anonymity, group size, and shared emotions.
Le Bon's 3 characteristics of crowd behavior are anonymity, contagion, and suggestibility.
Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and individuality when in a group.

Role and Accountability

Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated that roles can lead to a loss of accountability, and individuals can become violent and aggressive when given power.

Social Identity Theory suggests that in-group favoritism and out-group derogation are promoted by enhancing one's self-esteem through group membership.
Threats to self-esteem can lead to increased in-group favoritism and out-group derogation.

Group Size and Loyalty

The relationship between group size and loyalty is that smaller groups tend to be more loyal.

Group Behavior and Conflict

The Realistic Conflict Theory explains that conflict between different groups results from individuals' self-interest motives in competition for resources.
The term for the perception where each group sees its own behavior as caused by the actions of the other side is the "fundamental attribution error".

Conflict Resolution Strategies

The "Gradual Reduction in Tensions" strategy involves unilateral and persistent efforts to establish trust and cooperation between groups.
"Superordinate goals" are goals that can be achieved only if members of both groups cooperate.
The "Direct Negotiation" strategy involves seeking an agreement through direct negotiation between both groups.

Acculturation

"Relative deprivation" is the feeling of being deprived as a result of comparing the status of one's group with that of another group.
The necessary conditions for relative deprivation to occur are that individuals must be aware of the gap between their group's status and that of another group, and they must feel that their group deserves better.
"Ethnocentrism" is the tendency to believe one's ethnic or cultural group is preferable and that all others should be evaluated in relation to one's ethnicity.
In a "monochromatic" society, group members are seen as homogenous and a strong distinction between ingroups and outgroups exists.
"Acculturation" is the term for the behavioral and psychological changes that happen when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact.
The "Integration" strategy involves maintaining one's own culture while participating in the larger society.
In collectivistic societies, negotiating is seen as a way to maintain group harmony and relationships.
The "Linear Process Model" of acculturation suggests that individuals progress through a series of stages, from contact to assimilation.
The "Cultural Pluralism Model" of acculturation proposes that individuals can maintain their cultural identity while still participating in the larger society.
The larger society demands adaptation from the acculturating group.
The "Integration" strategy is considered the best for acculturation.

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Description

Explore the different theories explaining intergroup relations and the factors influencing behaviors in crowds. Learn about early research and theories of crowd behavior including Le Bon's characteristics of crowd behavior.