Psychology Quiz: Biases and Heuristics
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the model that suggests that instructions to suppress stereotyping actually increase stereotyping?

  • Dissociation Model
  • Sociometer Theory
  • Ironic Processes of Mental Control Model (correct)
  • Implicit Goal Operation
  • What is the term for the effect when suppression attempts fail and suppressed stereotype returns to have an even greater impact?

  • Rebound Effect (correct)
  • Dissociation Model
  • Implicit Goal Operation
  • Stereotype Activation
  • What is the term for the subset of relevant self-knowledge that is activated and guides our behavior in a given situation?

  • Working Self-Concept (correct)
  • Priming
  • Implicit Goal Operation
  • Sociometer Theory
  • What is the purpose of the sociometer, according to the Sociometer Theory?

    <p>To track our social status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of being in a good mood, according to the Dissociation Model?

    <p>Increase in heuristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of anchoring, as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Donating 20 euros to a charity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why people with a strong goal to treat others equally may override racist stereotypes that come to mind?

    <p>Because stereotype activation is goal-dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to our self-concept when we are in a situation where we are a minority?

    <p>It becomes more important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the self-serving bias?

    <p>To enhance our self-esteem by attributing successes internally and failures externally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of the false consensus bias?

    <p>Thinking that most people want to get married before they turn 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the representativeness heuristic used for?

    <p>To place a person or an object in a category based on our prototype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of base rate information?

    <p>To provide information about how frequent certain categories are in the general population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the availability heuristic used for?

    <p>To make judgments about the frequency of certain events based on our own experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of priming on behavior?

    <p>It can influence our behavior and response to subsequent stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the self-serving bias and the false consensus bias?

    <p>The self-serving bias is used to attribute successes internally, while the false consensus bias is used to assume that others share one's own attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the representativeness heuristic?

    <p>To place a person or an object in a category based on our prototype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biases and Heuristics

    • Self-serving bias: attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to protect self-esteem.
    • False Consensus bias: assuming that others share one's own attitudes and opinions, and that those who don't are abnormal.
    • Representativeness heuristic: categorizing people or objects based on similarity to a prototype, rather than on base rate information.

    Availability Heuristic

    • Judging the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.
    • Leads to jumping to conclusions about an event's likelihood based on personal experiences or media exposure.

    Priming

    • Exposure to one stimulus influences responses to subsequent stimuli.
    • Activates schemas that prepare for particular actions and social interactions.
    • Effects can be complex and may not always be automatic.

    Implicit Goal Operation

    • Strong motivation to treat people as equals can automatically suppress stereotypes.
    • Stereotype activation is goal-dependent and arises from cognitive, motivational, and biological factors.

    Anchoring

    • Setting an initial expectation that influences subsequent judgments.
    • Example: suggesting a donation amount of 20 euros to influence the amount donated.

    Dissociation Model

    • Feeling guilty when noticing prejudice despite being committed to being non-prejudiced.
    • Becoming self-focused and directing efforts to reduce the discrepancy.
    • Good mood can increase heuristic use.

    Working Self-Concept

    • Subset of relevant self-knowledge that guides behavior in a given situation.
    • Activates awareness in certain situations, such as being an only woman in a room full of men.

    Sociometer Theory

    • Feelings of self-esteem signal the degree of acceptance or rejection by social groups.
    • Self-esteem acts as a sociometer to track social status.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of psychological biases and heuristics, including self-serving bias and false consensus bias, that influence our thoughts and behaviors.

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