Psychology Chapter 13 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does a greater LPP amplitude indicate about emotional content?

It is linked to less emotional significance.

It has no relation to brain activity.

It diminishes emotional attention.

It reflects a stronger emotional response. (correct)

Which brain regions are typically associated with maximal LPP response?

Frontal and occipital regions.

Central and parietal regions. (correct)

Temporal and cerebellar regions.

Limbic system and thalamus.

How does the LPP assist in understanding emotional disorders?

It highlights disruptions in emotional regulation. (correct)

It shows the physical health of patients.

It confirms the presence of each disorder.

It is unrelated to emotional processing.

What role does cognitive control play in relation to the LPP?

It can modulate LPP amplitude during emotion regulation tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the LPP in emotional processing?

To reflect allocation of attentional resources towards emotional stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What bias is demonstrated when observers attribute good behavior to a person's character and bad behavior to external circumstances?

Selective attribution bias Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Castro essays, what might observers base their judgments on regarding the writers' support for Castro?

The pro or anti stance taken in the essays Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the three guiding forces of Bertrand Russell's life?

Love, knowledge, and pity for human suffering Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating the behavior of loved ones, individuals often attribute which type of explanation to positive behaviors?

Dispositional explanations Signup and view all the answers

What method do observers commonly use when forming opinions about individuals they do not know well?

Assuming intentions based on visible actions Signup and view all the answers

What might be a potential consequence of the fundamental attribution error (FAE)?

Misunderstanding someone’s actions Signup and view all the answers

What type of relationships can interpersonal attraction apply to?

Romantic and platonic relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor that influences a person’s behavior according to the content provided?

The coincidence of events Signup and view all the answers

What defines dispositional attributions?

Attributes related to the individual's personality or intent Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error (FAE)?

Believing behavior results from a person's internal disposition rather than the situation Signup and view all the answers

In the Alex Tribeca effect experiment, how did the audience rate the questioner?

As having higher knowledge than the contestant Signup and view all the answers

Why might people fail to consider situational factors in behavior, according to the content?

They underestimate their ability to be influenced by situations Signup and view all the answers

What scenario exemplifies the fundamental attribution error?

Believing a stranger's rude behavior is due to their character Signup and view all the answers

In the Fidel Castro essay assignment, how did students rate each other's work?

With bias reflecting their assigned position Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes situational attributions?

They focus on external, contextual factors Signup and view all the answers

What error is commonly made when evaluating others' behaviors in a social context?

Underestimating personal characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What stereotype leads people to believe that physical beauty is associated with positive psychological traits?

The What is Beautiful is Good Stereotype Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Mere Exposure Effect' describe?

Increased liking with increased exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized by the Late Positive Potential (LPP) in terms of emotional stimuli?

It tends to have a larger amplitude for emotionally charged stimuli Signup and view all the answers

When does the Late Positive Potential typically emerge after the presentation of a stimulus?

300-600 milliseconds Signup and view all the answers

How does non-conscious processing affect the Mere Exposure Effect?

It amplifies the effect more than conscious exposure Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the average of individual faces in the context of attractiveness?

It is mathematically calculated from facial averages Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the LPP react to emotionally charged stimuli compared to neutral stimuli?

Exhibits larger amplitude Signup and view all the answers

How does the exposure effect differ when processed consciously versus non-consciously?

Non-conscious processing tends to be more rapid Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason people choose to stay in the status quo condition?

They believe change is unnecessary. Signup and view all the answers

How does the anchoring effect manifest in a courtroom setting?

Initial information significantly influences sentence determinations. Signup and view all the answers

What does affective priming refer to?

Judgments being altered by emotional reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the availability heuristic mainly concerned with?

Determining how easily an event can be recalled. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of consequences, what do people fear most about forced choice options?

They fear the inability to return to their original choice. Signup and view all the answers

What influence does the manipulation of initial exposure to information have?

It biases judgments based on the first information encountered. Signup and view all the answers

Why do many believe dying in a plane crash is worse than in a car accident?

Plane crashes receive more media coverage. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the use of rigged dice have on sentencing opinions in a study?

Higher rolls lead to longer anticipated sentences. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Forced Choice

People are more likely to stay in the status quo, even if it is not positive.
48% of people chose to receive a shock just to stay in the status quo.

Anchoring Effect

People are prone to overemphasize the first piece of information they receive, even when unrelated to the task
Initial exposure impacts judgement
Example: Estimating the number of jelly beans in a jar
Legal professionals are not immune to the anchoring effect

Priming

Exposure to specific content makes related information easier to access in memory
Activation of memory affects thinking, feeling, and behavior
Affective priming: Emotional content can influence judgement

Availability Heuristic

The ease with which something comes to mind influences judgement
Example: Plane crashes are more heavily reported than car accidents, leading people to believe they are riskier.

Dispositional Attributions: Focus on internal factors like personality, feelings, morals, and intent.
Situational Attributions: Focus on external factors such as culture, family, and circumstances.

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

We tend to underestimate the influence of situations on behavior and overestimate the role of disposition.
Example: When someone cuts us off, we assume it's because they are a jerk, not because they are in a rush.
Alex Tribeca Effect: Participants who were randomly assigned as questioners were judged to have higher general knowledge than contestants.

Self-Serving Attributions

We attribute positive behaviors to our disposition and negative behaviors to the situation.
Example: If a spouse cooks a meal for you, it's because they are a good person. If they eat your food, it's because they are hungry.

Interpersonal Attraction

"What is beautiful is good" stereotype: People associate physical attractiveness with positive personality traits.
"Attractive is Only Average" effect: The average of many faces is more attractive than individual faces.
Mere exposure effect: Greater exposure increases liking.
Late Positive Potential (LPP): A brainwave pattern associated with attention, emotion, and memory processes. - The LPP is larger in response to emotional stimuli.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key psychological concepts including the forced choice phenomenon, anchoring effect, priming, and the availability heuristic. Explore how these cognitive biases influence human judgment and behavior with real-world examples. Dive deep into social behavior attributions and their implications.