Questions and Answers
The ______ perspective focuses on how the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Neuroscience
The ______ perspective emphasizes the biological bases for universal mental characteristics.
Evolutionary
The ______ perspective examines how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Psychodynamic
The ______ perspective focuses on how we learn observable responses.
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The ______ perspective deals with how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
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The ______ perspective looks at how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
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Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of individual ______ and self-perceptions.
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Humanistic psychology strives to help each individual reach his or her fullest ______.
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Behaviorism gained popularity in the ______ century.
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Psychologists such as John B. Watson and Edward ______ were key figures in behaviorism.
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Humanistic psychology emerged in the ______, focusing on qualitative research.
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Abraham Maslow is known for formulating a hierarchy of human ______.
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Carl Rogers developed client-centered ______.
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Noam Chomsky's review of Skinner's work contributed to the decline of ______.
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Martin Seligman's book Learned Optimism is associated with the ______ psychology movement.
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Howard Gardner outlines his multiple intelligences theory in his book ______ of Mind.
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The first school of psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, is known as ______.
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William James is associated with the school of ______, which focuses on the adaptive functions of the human mind.
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The school of psychology that suggests all behavior can be explained by environmental causes is called ______.
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The technique used by structuralists to analyze the inner processes of the human mind is called ______.
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Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by ______.
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The focus of behaviorism is primarily on ______ behavior.
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Edward Titchener expanded on the ideas of ______.
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The major theories within psychology are represented by different schools of ______.
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Study Notes
Historical Schools of Thought in Psychology
- Unconscious mind influences behavior; early life experiences and development are key elements.
- Humanistic psychology emerged as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, emphasizing free will and self-actualization.
- Key figures in humanistic psychology: Abraham Maslow (hierarchy of needs) and Carl Rogers (client-centered therapy).
- Gestalt psychology focuses on perceiving experiences as unified wholes, countering the reductionist view of structuralism.
- Founded in Germany and Austria in the late 19th century, significant figure: Max Wertheimer.
Modern Perspectives in Psychology
- Neuroscience examines the interplay between the brain, body, emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
- Evolutionary psychology explores biological bases for universal mental traits, addressing behaviors like lying and mate selection.
- Psychodynamic approach analyzes unconscious drives and conflicts influencing behavior.
- Behavioral perspective concentrates on observable learning and responses.
- Cognitive psychology examines mental processes: encoding, processing, storage, and retrieval of information.
- Socio-cultural perspective explores variations in behavior and thought across different situations and cultures.
Branches of Psychology and Specializations
- Behaviorism rose to prominence in the 20th century, advocated by John B. Watson, Edward Thorndike, and B.F. Skinner.
- Behaviorists asserted psychology should focus solely on observable behavior, dismissing internal mental states, as articulated by Watson's "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It" (1913).
- Humanistic psychology gained traction in the 1950s, emphasizing qualitative research and subjective human experience.
Notable Developments in Modern Psychology
- 1950s: Emergence of humanistic psychology as a critique of positivism and scientific measurement of human experience.
- 1959: Noam Chomsky's critique of B.F. Skinner's behaviorist framework significantly impacted the decline of behaviorism.
- 1991: Martin Seligman's "Learned Optimism" heralded the rise of positive psychology.
- 1993: Howard Gardner introduced the multiple intelligences theory in "Frames of Mind."
- 2002: Daniel Kahneman awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on decision-making.
Psychology in the Philippines
- American influence began in the early 1900s, establishing psychology as a distinct subject from philosophy.
- 1926: Formation of the Department of Psychology at the University of the Philippines.
- 1938: Spanish influence established an experimental psychology lab at the University of Santo Tomas by Fr. Angel de Blas.
- 1954: German roots furthered psychology education.
- 1967: Fr. Evarist Verlinden initiated undergraduate psychology programs at St. Louis University in Baguio.
Origins of Psychological Schools
- Structuralism, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, aimed to dissect mental processes into core components, relying on introspection; Edward Titchener expanded these ideas.
- Functionalism, led by William James, shifted focus to the adaptive functions of the human mind rather than its structure.
- Behaviorism, influenced by John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner, posits environmental causes as the basis for all behavior, emphasizing observable actions.
- Psychoanalysis, established by Sigmund Freud, sought to explore the unconscious mind's role in human behavior.
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Description
This quiz covers various psychological perspectives, including biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, and socio-cultural approaches. Test your understanding of how these perspectives explain human emotions, behavior, and mental processes. Expand your knowledge of the diverse frameworks that shape psychology.
