Questions and Answers
What is the focus of behavioral psychology?
What does cognitive psychology focus on?
Mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem solving, language and decision-making.
Evolutionary psychology suggests that mental processes exist to aid in survival and reproduction.
True
Who were the prominent figures associated with humanistic psychology?
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What does biological psychology emphasize?
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Which psychologist is associated with the psychodynamic perspective?
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Sociocultural psychology examines behaviors across different cultures.
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Study Notes
Behavioral Psychology
- Focuses on learned behaviors; emphasizes observable actions over internal states.
- Diverges from other psychological perspectives by disregarding unobservable mental processes.
Cognitive Psychology
- Centers on mental processes like memory, thinking, language, and decision-making.
- Influenced by Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura; has gained prominence in recent decades.
- Utilizes an information-processing model, likening the human mind to a computer for processing information.
Evolutionary Psychology
- Examines how evolutionary principles, such as natural selection, inform physiological processes and psychological phenomena.
- Suggests mental processes have evolved because they enhance survival and reproductive success.
Humanistic Psychology
- Emerged in the 1950s with key figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
- Emphasizes motivation's role in thought and behavior; central concepts include self-actualization and personal growth.
- Laid the groundwork for movements like positive psychology.
Neuroscience/Biological Psychology
- Highlights the physiological and biological foundations of behavior; also known as biopsychology.
- Investigates the influence of genetics, brain function, and the nervous system on behavior and personality.
- Advances in imaging techniques (MRI, PET scans) have enhanced understanding of brain function and behavior.
Psychodynamic Psychology
- Originated from Sigmund Freud's work, emphasizing the unconscious mind and early experiences.
- Identifies three components of the mind: id (primal desires), ego (reality orientation), and superego (moral standards).
- Psychoanalysis is a key method for understanding human behavior and treating mental disorders.
Sociocultural Psychology
- Studies human behavior through the lens of cultural differences, a growing field in recent decades.
- Analyzes how cultural contexts influence thoughts and behaviors, particularly in individualistic versus collectivistic cultures.
- Social loafing phenomenon identified in individualistic cultures contrasts with increased group effort in collectivistic cultures.
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Description
Explore the seven key perspectives that define modern psychology, from behavioral to cognitive approaches. This quiz will help you understand the foundational theories that shape psychological practices and research. Perfect for psychology students looking to reinforce their knowledge!
