Podcast
Questions and Answers
What do cognitive psychologists examine?
What do cognitive psychologists examine?
What do behaviorists explain human thought and behavior in terms of?
What do behaviorists explain human thought and behavior in terms of?
Conditioning (learning)
Which perspective examines human thought and actions in terms of natural selection?
Which perspective examines human thought and actions in terms of natural selection?
What do biopsychologists explain human thought and behavior in terms of?
What do biopsychologists explain human thought and behavior in terms of?
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Who described the psychoanalytic perspective?
Who described the psychoanalytic perspective?
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What do humanists believe guides our behavior?
What do humanists believe guides our behavior?
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What do social-cultural psychologists study?
What do social-cultural psychologists study?
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Who established the Theory of Functionalism?
Who established the Theory of Functionalism?
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What technique did Wilhelm Wundt use in his research?
What technique did Wilhelm Wundt use in his research?
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Behavior genetics is closely related to which perspective?
Behavior genetics is closely related to which perspective?
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What does Positive Psychology focus on?
What does Positive Psychology focus on?
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What is Wilhelm Wundt known for?
What is Wilhelm Wundt known for?
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What notable work did William James publish?
What notable work did William James publish?
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What position did Mary Whiton Calkins hold?
What position did Mary Whiton Calkins hold?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Perspective
- Examines human thought and behavior based on interpretation, processing, and memory of environmental events.
- Emphasizes the importance of mental rules and methods in understanding thought and behavior.
Behavioral Perspective
- Focuses on conditioning as the explanation for human thought and behavior.
- Analyzes only observable behaviors and their reactions, dominating psychology from the 1920s to the 1960s.
Evolutionary (or Darwinian) Perspective
- Investigates human thought and actions through the lens of natural selection.
- Considers psychological traits that enhance survival to be passed from parents to offspring.
- Shares similarities with the biopsychology perspective.
Biopsychology (or Neuroscience) Perspective
- Explains human thought and behavior through biological processes.
- Attributes cognition and reactions to the influence of genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
Psychoanalytic Perspective
- Founded by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the unconscious mind's control over thoughts and actions.
- Focuses on uncovering repressed impulses and memories through techniques like dream analysis and word association.
Humanists Perspective
- Emphasizes individual choice and free will, contrasting with deterministic behaviorism.
- Proponents like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers argue that behavior is guided by physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs.
Social-Cultural (or Sociocultural) Perspective
- Studies variations in thoughts and behaviors across different cultures.
- Highlights the significant impact of cultural values on individual behavior, distinguishing between collectivism and individualism.
Functionalism
- Proposed by William James, examining the functions of mental processes in everyday life.
- Originates from the study of mental processes established by Wilhelm Wundt.
Introspection
- A research technique developed by Wilhelm Wundt requiring subjects to document cognitive reactions to stimuli.
- Aimed to explore basic mental processes through self-reporting.
Behavior Genetics
- Related to the evolutionary perspective, focusing on the interplay between genetics and environmental influences on individual differences.
Positive Psychology
- A contemporary movement concentrating on factors that contribute to a satisfying and meaningful life.
- Builds on humanistic psychology with an emphasis on empirical research.
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
- Established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
- Noted for training subjects in introspection and founding Structuralism to analyze thinking processes.
William James (1842-1910)
- Authored "The Principles of Psychology," the first psychology textbook.
- Established Functionalism and played a key role in bringing psychology to the United States.
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)
- Student of William James who became the first female president of the American Psychological Association in 1905.
- Completed her doctoral studies at Harvard, which refused her degree due to her gender.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the scientific foundations of psychology with these flashcards. Explore key concepts like the Cognitive and Behavioral perspectives, and understand how they influence human thought and behavior. Perfect for AP Psychology students looking to reinforce their learning.
