Psychology on Mood and Personality Disorders

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Questions and Answers

Which mood disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression?

Major Depressive Disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Cyclothymic Disorder

Bipolar Disorder (correct)

What is a key trait of Cluster A personality disorders?

Excessive attention-seeking

Emotional instability

Fear of rejection

Distrust and suspicion of others (correct)

Which disorder is characterized by intense fear of social situations?

Panic Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Specific Phobias

Social Anxiety Disorder (correct)

Which personality disorder cluster includes traits like emotional instability and fear of abandonment?

Cluster B Signup and view all the answers

What defines Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Persistent sadness and loss of interest Signup and view all the answers

Which anxiety disorder involves uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is triggered by seasonal changes?

Seasonal Affective Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Cluster C personality disorders?

Need for reassurance and support Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations and delusions Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is primarily characterized by preoccupation with perceived physical flaws?

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What type of symptoms does Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) include?

Flashbacks and nightmares Signup and view all the answers

What disorder is characterized by two or more distinct identities?

Dissociative Identity Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves excessive focus on physical symptoms without a medical explanation?

Somatic Symptom Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What defines Anorexia Nervosa?

Significant weight loss from restricting food intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Acute Stress Disorder?

PTSD-like symptoms occurring immediately after trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior associated with Hoarding Disorder?

Difficulty discarding possessions Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Binge-Eating Disorder?

Repeated episodes of excessive food consumption without purging Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is defined by problematic drinking patterns affecting life?

Alcohol Use Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders involves challenges with social interaction and repetitive behaviors?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves sudden confusion and disorientation, often temporary in nature?

Delirium Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of Impulse-Control Disorders?

Difficulty in controlling impulses or socially unacceptable behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by breathing interruptions during sleep?

Sleep Apnea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions involves difficulty maintaining an erection?

Erectile Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves compulsive stealing without the necessity for the items?

Kleptomania Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mood Disorders

Definition: Disorders affecting emotional states, leading to prolonged mood changes.
Examples:
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Persistent sadness, loss of interest, and fatigue.
- Bipolar Disorder: Alternating episodes of mania (elevated mood) and depression.
- Cyclothymic Disorder: Milder mood swings than bipolar disorder.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Depression triggered by seasonal changes.

Personality Disorders

Definition: Enduring patterns of behavior, emotion, and thinking that deviate from cultural norms.
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric
- Paranoid Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Distrust and suspicion of others. Example: Believing others are out to harm or deceive them.
- Schizoid Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Detachment from social relationships. Example: Preferring solitude and showing little emotion.
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Odd beliefs and behaviors. Example: Unusual thinking or magical beliefs, like seeing connections that don't exist.
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
- Antisocial Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Disregard for others' rights. Example: Breaking rules without remorse.
- Borderline Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Emotional instability and fear of abandonment. Example: Intense mood swings and unstable relationships.
- Histrionic Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Excessive attention-seeking. Example: Being overly dramatic or needing to be the center of attention.
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Grandiosity and lack of empathy. Example: Thinking they're superior and expecting special treatment.
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful
- Avoidant Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Fear of rejection and criticism. Example: Avoiding social situations despite wanting connections.
- Dependent Personality Disorder: Key Trait: Excessive reliance on others. Example: Needing constant reassurance and support for decisions.
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD): Key Trait: Perfectionism and control. Example: Being overly focused on order and rules.

Anxiety Disorders

Definition: Disorders involving excessive fear or worry that disrupt daily life.
Examples:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Persistent and uncontrollable worry about various things.
- Panic Disorder: Recurrent panic attacks and fear of having more.
- Social Anxiety Disorder: Intense fear of social situations and judgment.
- Specific Phobias: Extreme fear of specific objects or situations.

Psychotic Disorders

Definition: Disorders causing distorted thinking, perception, and reality.
Examples:
- Schizophrenia: Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.
- Delusional Disorder: Fixed false beliefs without other psychotic symptoms.
- Schizoaffective Disorder: Combination of schizophrenia symptoms and mood disorder symptoms.

Definition: Disorders involving intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors.
Examples:
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Obsessions (thoughts) and compulsions (actions).
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Preoccupation with perceived physical flaws.
- Hoarding Disorder: Difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter.

Definition: Disorders triggered by traumatic or stressful events.
Examples:
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance of trauma reminders.
- Acute Stress Disorder: PTSD-like symptoms immediately after trauma.

Dissociative Disorders

Definition: Disorders involving disruptions in memory, identity, or perception of reality.
Examples:
- Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Two or more distinct identities.
- Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder: Feeling detached from oneself or the environment.
- Dissociative Amnesia: Memory loss related to personal information or trauma.

Definition: Disorders focusing on physical symptoms without medical explanation.
Examples:
- Somatic Symptom Disorder: Excessive focus on physical symptoms.
- Conversion Disorder: Neurological symptoms without a medical cause (e.g., paralysis).
- Illness Anxiety Disorder: Preoccupation with having a serious illness.

Eating Disorders

Definition: Disorders involving abnormal eating behaviors and concerns about body weight or shape.
Examples:
- Anorexia Nervosa: Restricting food intake leading to significant weight loss.
- Bulimia Nervosa: Binge eating followed by purging.
- Binge-Eating Disorder: Recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food without purging.

Definition: Disorders related to the misuse of substances or addictive behaviors.
Examples:
- Alcohol Use Disorder: Problematic drinking patterns affecting life.
- Opioid Use Disorder: Addiction to prescription or illicit opioids.
- Gambling Disorder: Compulsive gambling despite negative consequences.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Definition: Disorders that arise during developmental periods, affecting behavior, learning, or communication.
Examples:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Challenges with social interaction and repetitive behaviors.
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
- Intellectual Disability: Impaired cognitive and adaptive functioning.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Definition: Disorders involving declines in cognitive function due to brain damage or aging.
Examples:
- Alzheimer's Disease: Progressive memory and cognitive decline.
- Dementia: Decline in multiple cognitive functions.
- Delirium: Sudden confusion and disorientation, often temporary.

Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders

Definition: Disorders involving difficulty controlling impulses or socially unacceptable behavior.
Examples:
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Angry and defiant behavior toward authority figures.
- Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED): Sudden episodes of aggressive outbursts.

Sleep-Wake Disorders

Definition: Disorders involving problems with sleep quality, timing, or duration.
Examples:
- Insomnia Disorder: Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
- Narcolepsy: Sudden and uncontrollable sleep episodes.
- Sleep Apnea: Breathing interruptions during sleep.

Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilic Disorders

Definition: Disorders affecting sexual desire, performance, or atypical sexual interests.
Examples:
- Erectile Disorder: Difficulty maintaining an erection.
- Premature Ejaculation: Ejaculation occurring sooner than desired.
- Exhibitionistic Disorder: Urge to expose oneself to non-consenting others.

Adjustment Disorders

Definition: Emotional or behavioral response to a significant life change or stressor.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of mood and personality disorders in this informative quiz. Delve into definitions, examples, and characteristics of various disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and various personality disorders. Test your understanding of these psychological concepts and enhance your knowledge in mental health.