22 Questions
Who is credited with the concept of 'fight or flight' response?
Walter Cannon
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the resistance stage of General Adaptation Syndrome?
Return heart rate and respiration to normal
What is the result of staying in the resistance stage of General Adaptation Syndrome?
It takes a toll on the body
In the alarm stage of General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens to blood glucose levels?
They increase
Who developed the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome?
Han Selye
What is the primary function of the physiological and emotional arousal response to stress?
To elicit cognitive and behavioural efforts to cope with stress
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling hormones via the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
What is the role of the reticular formation in sleep?
It provides strong inhibitory input to thalamus relay neurons
What is the function of the thalamus in relation to sensory information?
It integrates information across senses
What is the effect of increased DOPA levels on the brain?
It causes euphoria
What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body functions?
It regulates eating, sleeping, and emotional experiences
What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus controls hormones via the pituitary gland
What is the role of the thalamus in relation to the limbic system?
It is a border structure neighboring the limbic system
What is the effect of lesioning the hypothalamus on appetite?
It reduces appetite
What is a essential component of an emotion?
Physiological arousal
According to the PERMA model, what is a key element of happiness?
Accomplishment
What is the role of the nervous system in behaviour and thoughts?
It directly controls all of our behaviour and thoughts
What is the relationship between money and happiness?
Having enough money may be necessary for happiness, but not sufficient
What is the Westernised assumption about happiness and distress?
Happiness is normal and distress is abnormal
What is a key aspect of the appraisal of a situation in emotions?
It is key to the emotion experienced
What is a characteristic of anger as an emotion?
It can feel unpleasant, but can also have pleasurable components
What is a unique aspect of emotions?
They can be interpreted in different ways
Study Notes
Stress and Psychobiological Process
- Stress is a challenge to a person's ability to adapt to inner and outer demands, producing physiological and emotional arousal, and eliciting cognitive and behavioral efforts to cope.
- Walter Cannon (1932) discovered the "fight or flight" response, while Hans Selye (1936, 1976) developed the concept of general adaptation syndrome.
- Richard Lazarus (1981-1993) proposed the transactional model of stress.
General Adaptation Syndrome
- Consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
- Alarm stage: release of adrenaline and other hormones, increased blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and blood glucose levels.
- Resistance stage: parasympathetic nervous system returns heart rate and respiration to normal, while blood glucose stays high, and the body adapts to stress.
Brain Regions and Functions
- Forebrain: complex emotional reactions, thought processes, and movement patterns.
- Thalamus: relays sensory information to higher centers, integrates information across senses, and regulates sleep and wakefulness.
- Hypothalamus: controls hormones via the pituitary gland, produces endorphins, regulates body temperature, and influences eating, sleeping, and emotional experiences.
Emotions and Happiness
- Emotions involve physiological arousal, subjective experience, and behavioral expression.
- Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, accomplishment (PERMA) contribute to happiness.
- Money can bring happiness up to a certain point, but does not guarantee it.
- Anger can have both unpleasant and pleasurable components.
The Nervous System and Behavior
- The nervous system directly controls all behavior and thoughts.
This quiz covers the psychological and physiological effects of stress, including the history of the psychobiological process and different theories such as the fight or flight response and general adaptation syndrome.
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