Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a way the media shapes public opinion?
What is a way the media shapes public opinion?
Which phenomenon occurs when people perceive the media as opposing their beliefs?
Which phenomenon occurs when people perceive the media as opposing their beliefs?
Which factor is NOT associated with resistance to persuasion?
Which factor is NOT associated with resistance to persuasion?
What does attitude inoculation help achieve?
What does attitude inoculation help achieve?
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Which type of individuals are better at counter-arguing opposing messages?
Which type of individuals are better at counter-arguing opposing messages?
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What is selective attention primarily based on?
What is selective attention primarily based on?
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How do algorithms on social media and search engines utilize selective attention?
How do algorithms on social media and search engines utilize selective attention?
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What observation was made in the study regarding students' focus on arguments for marijuana legalization?
What observation was made in the study regarding students' focus on arguments for marijuana legalization?
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What type of content can help identify fake news?
What type of content can help identify fake news?
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What effect does perceived media bias have on public opinion?
What effect does perceived media bias have on public opinion?
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In what way does selective attention affect political activity?
In what way does selective attention affect political activity?
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What misconception does the practice at Fox News create about climate change experts?
What misconception does the practice at Fox News create about climate change experts?
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How do individuals tend to evaluate information that challenges their beliefs?
How do individuals tend to evaluate information that challenges their beliefs?
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What was the primary aim of the 'Don't Mess With Texas' campaign?
What was the primary aim of the 'Don't Mess With Texas' campaign?
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Which strategy contributed significantly to the success of the 'Don't Mess With Texas' campaign?
Which strategy contributed significantly to the success of the 'Don't Mess With Texas' campaign?
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What role did iconic Texan figures play in the campaign?
What role did iconic Texan figures play in the campaign?
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How much did the Ice Bucket Challenge raise for ALS research?
How much did the Ice Bucket Challenge raise for ALS research?
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What was one observed change in behavior among Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic?
What was one observed change in behavior among Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic?
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Which of the following is a component of the psychology of persuasion?
Which of the following is a component of the psychology of persuasion?
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What was the method used to visually reinforce the 'Don't Mess With Texas' message?
What was the method used to visually reinforce the 'Don't Mess With Texas' message?
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What characteristic of charismatic leaders is often highlighted in the psychology of persuasion?
What characteristic of charismatic leaders is often highlighted in the psychology of persuasion?
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What factor significantly influences respondents' support for climate policies?
What factor significantly influences respondents' support for climate policies?
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In the context of persuasion, how does mood affect the effectiveness of messages?
In the context of persuasion, how does mood affect the effectiveness of messages?
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How does the age of an audience impact susceptibility to persuasive messages?
How does the age of an audience impact susceptibility to persuasive messages?
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What common misconception do participants hold about their fellow party members?
What common misconception do participants hold about their fellow party members?
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What strategy can effectively increase compliance with persuasive messages involving guilt?
What strategy can effectively increase compliance with persuasive messages involving guilt?
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What was a notable observation regarding the support for political candidates among the 18-25 age group?
What was a notable observation regarding the support for political candidates among the 18-25 age group?
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Which demographic is highlighted as having a significant influence on political outcomes due to their malleability?
Which demographic is highlighted as having a significant influence on political outcomes due to their malleability?
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Which statement is true regarding the belief in climate change among Republicans and Democrats?
Which statement is true regarding the belief in climate change among Republicans and Democrats?
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What determines whether an individual uses the central or peripheral route to persuasion?
What determines whether an individual uses the central or peripheral route to persuasion?
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Which route to persuasion is more effective for achieving long-lasting attitude change?
Which route to persuasion is more effective for achieving long-lasting attitude change?
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In the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which of the following characteristics is associated with the peripheral route?
In the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which of the following characteristics is associated with the peripheral route?
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What factor would most likely lead to persuasion through the central route?
What factor would most likely lead to persuasion through the central route?
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What type of evaluation was influenced by subliminally presented images in the study mentioned?
What type of evaluation was influenced by subliminally presented images in the study mentioned?
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If a persuader uses strong, logical arguments to appeal to an audience, which route are they primarily using?
If a persuader uses strong, logical arguments to appeal to an audience, which route are they primarily using?
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What was the effect of low personal relevance on the audience's persuasion according to the model?
What was the effect of low personal relevance on the audience's persuasion according to the model?
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In the context of the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which statement best summarizes the central route?
In the context of the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which statement best summarizes the central route?
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Study Notes
Don't Mess With Texas Campaign
- Successful anti-littering campaign launched by the Texas Department of Transportation.
- Slogan "Don't Mess With Texas" resonated with Texans and capitalized on pride.
- Iconic Texan men (e.g. Dallas Cowboys, Willie Nelson, Lal Lovett, Matthew McConaughey) were used as spokespersons.
- Campaign reduced litter by 72% within six years
Psychology of Persuasion
- Study of how to influence people's attitudes and behaviors.
- Persuasion can lead to significant social change.
- Successful examples include "Don't Mess With Texas" campaign and the Ice Bucket Challenge (raised over $115 million for ALS research).
- Persuasion contributed to Americans changing their behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. mask-wearing, social distancing).
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
- Developed by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo
- Explains how persuasion leads to attitude change.
- Two main routes:
- Central route: careful and deliberate processing of persuasive message content (leads to long-lasting change).
- Peripheral route: superficial processing of peripheral aspects of the message (influences less motivated or attentive audiences). -Motivation and ability determine which route is taken.
Central Route to Persuasion
- Engages audience in thoughtful consideration of arguments and evidence.
- Focuses on logical arguments and credible evidence.
- Requires motivated and attentive audience.
- Leads to more enduring attitude change compared to peripheral route.
- Effective when the audience is interested and willing to engage deeply with the information.
Peripheral Route to Persuasion
- Utilizes superficial cues (e.g. attractiveness of the speaker, number of arguments).
- Less effective for long-lasting attitude change.
Political Polarization and Climate Legislation
- Major barriers to climate legislation: Political polarization and party-over-policy thinking.
- Survey data shows people support policies more when they believe their party supports them, regardless of the policy itself.
Mood and Persuasion
- Persuasive messages are more effective if the mood of the message matches the audience's mood.
- Sad people engage more with pessimistic messages, happy people with optimistic.
- Inducing guilt can increase compliance if a way to alleviate guilt is offered.
- Example: Pro-environment appeals succeed by showing how behavior repairs the environment and offering solutions.
Persuasion and Age
- Younger people are more easily persuaded by messages than older people.
- Younger people are more malleable in their political allegiances.
- Young voters can significantly influence political outcomes (e.g. support for Reagan and Obama).
Selective Attention and Exposure
- People tend to pay attention to information that confirms their existing attitudes.
- This influences algorithms that drive online search results and social media feeds.
- Study on marijuana legalization (Klein, Hesselink, and Edwards, 1975): Pro-legalization students focused on strong arguments, while anti-legalization students focused on weak arguments.
Fake News and Media Bias
- Fake news can be identified by cues like anger-inducing content, conspiracy theories, and misspellings.
- Perceived media bias contributes to increasing partisanship and resistance to persuasion.
- Example: Fox News anchors were required to give airtime to opposing views on climate change, leading viewers to believe experts were divided.
Selective Attention and Evaluation
- Individuals focus on information that supports their pre-existing beliefs and ignore contradictory information.
- This is less widespread online than previously thought.
- A small proportion of people show significant bias, and are often more politically active.
- Information is evaluated in ways that support existing opinions.
- Motivations and existing beliefs influence selective attention and evaluation.
Media and Persuasion
- Media shapes opinions, tastes, and behavior through agenda control and information dissemination.
- Difficult to document media effects methodologically.
- Media controls what people think about by controlling the number and kinds of news stories presented.
- Hostile media phenomenon: People view the media as hostile to their beliefs.
Resistance to Persuasion
- People resist persuasion due to pre-existing biases, commitments, and knowledge.
- Selective attention and evaluation reinforce original attitudes.
- Public commitment to a position helps resist persuasion.
- Knowledgeable individuals easily counter opposing messages.
- Attitudes grounded in moral principles are more resistant to persuasion.
- Attitude inoculation: Exposing people to weak arguments against their position can encourage resistance.
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Description
Explore the fascinating intersection of psychology and social campaigns like the 'Don't Mess With Texas' initiative. This quiz delves into the principles of persuasion, the Elaboration Likelihood Model, and successful behavioral changes in various contexts. Test your understanding of how campaigns can effectively influence attitudes and behaviors.
