LANGUAGE STUDIES (L2-5)

<p>Morphemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Derivational morpheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonological mediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syllables serve as perceptual grouping units</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Word recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Priming effects are significant for base words but not for unrelated words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Readers first decompose morphologically-complex words into morphemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High orthographic neighborhood words are rejected faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High phonological neighborhood words are recognized faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concreteness refers to initial recognition, while imageability refers to the strength of image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semantically congruent sentences decrease reaction times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make the prime subliminal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time between the onset of the prime and the onset of the target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaction times are shorter when the target and prime are orthographically similar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaction times are shorter when the target and prime are phonologically similar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connections between letter units contribute to the activation of a word unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are activated faster and reach recognition threshold more quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot explain facilitatory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can explain visual properties but not semantic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same phonemes sound different in different circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No clear breaks between words in spoken phrases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perceiving speech sounds as distinct phonemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants could clearly distinguish between sounds without ambiguity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Varying the voice onset times (VOTs) of phonemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonemes with short VOTs are mostly perceived as B, while those with long VOTs are mostly perceived as P.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An audiovisual illusion where video and audio inputs are combined to create a new sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predictability of the word based on the preceding phrase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model that explains both top-down and bottom-up processing in phoneme perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pre-lexical/phonetic code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonemes do not need to be identified for word recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process where missing phonemes in words are filled by context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listeners use semantic and syntactic information beyond individual phonemes to identify words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants used context to aid in identifying missing phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To analyze the acoustic features and create a cohort of potential words</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Uniqueness Point is the point where the word becomes uniquely identifiable, while the Recognition Point is the point where the word is empirically identified</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To examine the influence of context on word recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To integrate the syntactic and semantic properties of the selected word</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Context effects have an impact on the later stages of processing, but not on the early stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Revised Cohort Model gives priority to bottom-up processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-frequency words have a higher resting level of activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To select the most appropriate word from the cohort</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher frequency words are recognised faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Later stage of processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syntactic/structural analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ambiguity is resolved by syntactic or semantic/pragmatic constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand what information is used when grammar doesn't lead to a specific analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It initially leads us towards one analysis, but turns out to be wrong by the end of the sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parser initially chooses the simplest syntactic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parser attaches incoming phrases to the previous phrase, preferring the most recent phrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants focused more on the second half of the sentence in both conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We first use syntactic information when processing sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judgment times are slower in the elaborative inference conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the cause of an action based on the verb used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focusing account expects an early effect, while the integration account expects a late effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit verb bias is used for pronoun resolution at a later stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pronoun resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elaborative inferences involve making connections between different pieces of information, while bridging inferences involve making connections within a single piece of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elaborative inference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To influence attention allocation on the two competing noun phrases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows readers to automatically activate situation-specific real-world knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To derive additional knowledge from prior knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bridging inference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to better memory for the first-mentioned object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causal inference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prioritizes the overall meaning of the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A linguistic unit that describes an event or state</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows readers to better remember the first-mentioned object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reading times increase when comprehenders encounter semantic anomalies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That propositions are encoded as a cohesive package in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Situational model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Situation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help readers form a mental model to understand and memorize texts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It directs attention to more recent propositions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four types of information: space, time, causation, and motivation of characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to form a situation model, including spatial relationships of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the surface form of a sentence is not represented in the comprehender's memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be used in conjunction with propositions to construct a situation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Construction stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic updating</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a modular and serial model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Garden Path Model is a modular model, while Constraint-Based Models are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study found that plausibility information affects structural preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study's results were due to a null effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Construction stage uses surface representations, while the Integration stage uses propositional representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gather and integrate information about the ideas or events presented in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Garden Path Model processes syntactic information before using non-syntactic information, while the Constraint-Based Models use both simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are interactive and parallel models</p> Signup and view all the answers