Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of passive-aggressive behaviours?
What is a characteristic of passive-aggressive behaviours?
- It is a direct form of aggression
- It is a form of instrumental aggression
- It is a hostile behaviour that does not inflict physical harm (correct)
- It inflicts physical harm
What is the primary goal of hostile aggression?
What is the primary goal of hostile aggression?
- To make the victim suffer (correct)
- To calculate the cost of an action
- To obtain a desired object
- To express anger
What is a key distinguishing feature of instrumental aggression?
What is a key distinguishing feature of instrumental aggression?
- It is a form of passive-aggressive behaviour
- It is a response to anger-inducing conditions
- It is a goal-oriented behaviour (correct)
- It is a type of hostile aggression
What is anger, according to the text?
What is anger, according to the text?
What is a limitation of the 2-category division of aggression?
What is a limitation of the 2-category division of aggression?
What is a possible consequence of not managing anger properly?
What is a possible consequence of not managing anger properly?
What is a type of crime that often involves instrumental aggression?
What is a type of crime that often involves instrumental aggression?
What is a better way to understand aggressive actions, according to the text?
What is a better way to understand aggressive actions, according to the text?
What is a characteristic of individuals with hostile attribution bias?
What is a characteristic of individuals with hostile attribution bias?
What is a script in the context of social problem-solving?
What is a script in the context of social problem-solving?
What is a consequence of making hostile attributions in childhood?
What is a consequence of making hostile attributions in childhood?
How are scripts typically learned?
How are scripts typically learned?
What is a characteristic of violent youth?
What is a characteristic of violent youth?
When does hostile attribution bias begin to develop?
When does hostile attribution bias begin to develop?
What happens to scripts once they are established?
What happens to scripts once they are established?
What role do parents play in script development?
What role do parents play in script development?
What is a factor that contributes to the development of hostile attribution bias?
What is a factor that contributes to the development of hostile attribution bias?
What is a consequence of peer rejection for children prone to hostile attribution bias?
What is a consequence of peer rejection for children prone to hostile attribution bias?
What is the Hostile Attribution Model?
What is the Hostile Attribution Model?
What is involved in the evaluation process of script selection and use?
What is involved in the evaluation process of script selection and use?
What is a characteristic of children who outgrow hostile attribution bias?
What is a characteristic of children who outgrow hostile attribution bias?
What is a consequence of broken trust in children?
What is a consequence of broken trust in children?
What happens to scripts that are inconsistent with internalized standards?
What happens to scripts that are inconsistent with internalized standards?
What is the role of emotions in script selection and evaluation?
What is the role of emotions in script selection and evaluation?
What is the likely outcome when an individual's behaviour towards a certain goal is thwarted?
What is the likely outcome when an individual's behaviour towards a certain goal is thwarted?
Why may people in deprived conditions not be frustrated?
Why may people in deprived conditions not be frustrated?
What is the only plausible response to frustration according to the original hypothesis?
What is the only plausible response to frustration according to the original hypothesis?
What is the revised hypothesis's first step in the process of responding to frustrating circumstances?
What is the revised hypothesis's first step in the process of responding to frustrating circumstances?
What factor influences whether or not a person acts aggressively in response to frustration?
What factor influences whether or not a person acts aggressively in response to frustration?
What is the 'Weapons Effect' in the context of aggression and violence?
What is the 'Weapons Effect' in the context of aggression and violence?
What is the flaw in the research that tried to replicate the 'Weapons Effect' finding?
What is the flaw in the research that tried to replicate the 'Weapons Effect' finding?
What is the 'Weapons Effect' also known as in the context of crime and witness testimony?
What is the 'Weapons Effect' also known as in the context of crime and witness testimony?
What is the excitation transfer theory often used to explain?
What is the excitation transfer theory often used to explain?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the general aggression model (GAM)?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the general aggression model (GAM)?
What is the main difference between reactive and proactive forms of aggression?
What is the main difference between reactive and proactive forms of aggression?
Which theory suggests that people learn aggressive behavior by observing and imitating others?
Which theory suggests that people learn aggressive behavior by observing and imitating others?
What is the contagion effect in the context of aggression?
What is the contagion effect in the context of aggression?
What is the primary focus of the cognitive models of aggression?
What is the primary focus of the cognitive models of aggression?
Study Notes
Frustration and Aggression
- Frustration arises when behaviour towards a certain goal is thwarted, leading to aggression
- People in deprived conditions may not feel frustrated unless they expect better
Response to Frustration
- Aggression is only one possible response to frustration
- Other reactions include:
- Withdrawal
- Doing nothing
- Getting out of the situation completely
- Compromising
- Individual differences play a significant role in responding to frustrating circumstances
Revised Hypothesis
- When a person is blocked from obtaining an expected goal, frustration results, generating anger
- Anger predisposes the person to behave aggressively
- Whether or not the person acts aggressively depends on:
- Learning
- Interpretation of the event
- Individual way of responding to frustration
- Presence of aggression-eliciting stimuli in the environment
Weapons Effect
- Firearms are associated with aggression and can facilitate overt aggression and violence
- Visible weapons can facilitate aggressive responses rather than inhibit them
Passive-Aggressive Behaviours
- Hostile behaviours that do not inflict physical harm, such as refusing to speak to someone
- Generally interpreted as aggressive in intent
- Behaviour is passive and indirect
Types of Aggression
Reactive-Impulsive Aggression
- Occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions (e.g., real or perceived insults, physical attacks, failures)
- Aggressor's goal is to make the victim suffer
- Characterized by intense and disorganizing emotion of anger
Instrumental Aggression
- More purposeful and goal-oriented
- Begins with competition or desire for an object or status possessed by another person
- Perpetrator tries to obtain the desired object regardless of the cost
- May harm the victim to obtain the desired goal if the victim interferes
Scripts and Aggression
- Learned through daily experiences and observing significant others
- Each script is unique to each person and becomes resistant to change
- Can be retrieved and used when an individual faces a problem
- Emotions play a crucial role in script selection and evaluation
Hostile Attribution Model
- Tendency to perceive hostile intent in others, even when it is lacking
- People prone to violence are more likely to interpret ambiguous actions as hostile and threatening
- Children who consistently make hostile attributions about others may escalate aggression in response to provocation and become chronically anxious
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Description
This quiz explores the psychological concepts of frustration, aggression, and individual differences in response to frustrating situations. Learn about the possible reactions to thwarted goals and the role of expectations in experiencing frustration.
