42 Questions
What is the primary function of immediate memory?
To hold and manipulate transitory information for a short period
Which brain region is primarily responsible for working memory?
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
What is the typical capacity of working memory in normal adults?
5-9 items
What type of memory is involved in recalling specific events or episodes?
Episodic memory
Where are auditory memories primarily stored?
Temporal cortex
What type of memory is involved in habits and skills that do not require conscious thought?
Implicit memory
What is the primary function of remote memory?
To retrieve items after a delay of weeks, months, or years
What is the term for the three stages of memory?
Immediate, recent, and remote memory
What percentage of dreams are characterized as highly emotionally charged, complex, and bizarre?
80%
Which stage of sleep is associated with more realistic and rational dreams?
NREM
What is the term for talking during sleep with varying degrees of comprehensibility?
Somniloquy
What is the term for sudden 'start' or myoclonic bodily jerk that rouses the incipient sleeper?
Hypnic jerk
What is the term for brief episodic loss of voluntary movement that occurs during a period of falling asleep or upon waking up?
Sleep paralysis
What is the term for sleep-related movement disorder with repetitive jaw muscle contraction?
Sleep bruxism
What is the term for a confusional state characterized by minor disorientation, faulty memory, short attention span, and some difficulty following commands?
Confusional state
What scale is used in determining the level of consciousness and depth of impaired consciousness?
Glasgow Coma Scale
What is the primary outgoing pathway from the hippocampus in the Papez Circuit?
Fornix
Where does the information from the hippocampus go to after passing through the fornix?
Mammillary body of the hypothalamus
What is the function of the mammillothalamic tract in the Papez Circuit?
Connects the mammillary body to the anterior thalamic nuclei
What part of the brain receives information from the anterior thalamic nuclei in the Papez Circuit?
Cingulate gyrus
What is the final destination of information in the Papez Circuit before returning to the hippocampus?
Subiculum
What is the primary function of the Papez Circuit?
Storage of memories and control of emotions
What is the role of the amygdala in the Papez Circuit?
Fear conditioning and vigilance
What is the result of the interconnections and interactions in the Papez Circuit?
Anatomical substrate for central emotion and emotional experience
What is retrograde amnesia?
The inability to recall long-term memories
Which brain region is associated with retrograde amnesia?
Hippocampus
What is the primary function of the hippocampus?
Long-term memory formation
Which of the following is NOT a type of brain region?
Cerebral cortex
What is the main function of the thalamus?
Sensory processing
What is the primary function of the amygdaloid complex?
Emotion processing
What is the mammillary nuclei of hypothalamus associated with?
Sleep regulation
What is the term for the ability to recall long-term memories?
Episodic memory
What area is affected in Broca's aphasia?
Inferior frontal gyrus
Which type of aphasia is characterized by fluent speech and impaired comprehension?
Wernicke's aphasia
What is the role of the arcuate fasciculus in language processing?
It connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas
What is the characteristic of Global aphasia?
Nonfluent speech, impaired comprehension, and impaired repetition
Which area is spared in Transcortical (Motor) aphasia?
Broca's area
What is the characteristic of Conduction aphasia?
Fluent speech, intact comprehension, and impaired repetition
Which area is affected in Wernicke's aphasia?
Superior temporal gyrus
What is the characteristic of Transcortical (Sensory) aphasia?
Fluent speech, impaired comprehension, and intact repetition
What is the term for the border-zone regions in the brain supplied by the major arteries where blood supply is decreased?
Watershed areas
Which type of aphasia is characterized by nonfluent speech, intact comprehension, and intact repetition?
Transcortical (Motor) aphasia
This quiz assesses knowledge of memory, including the stages of memory and the working memory system. It covers the role of memory in learning and survival, and its localization in the brain.
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