18 Questions
What is the dominant trait of an individual who scores high on Neuroticism?
Being anxious and self-pitying
What is the core component of personality that involves being imaginative and creative?
Openness to Experience
What is the key characteristic of an individual who scores low on Extraversion?
Being reserved and quiet
What is the personality trait that involves being softhearted and trusting?
Agreeableness
What is the personality trait that involves being conscientious and well-organized?
Conscientiousness
What are the two main components of personality in the Five-Factor Theory?
Core Components and Peripheral Components
What is the main difference between basic tendencies and characteristics adaptations?
Characteristics adaptations are more flexible than basic tendencies
What is the Self-concept component of personality composed of?
Knowledge, views, and evaluations of the self
What is the origin of individuality and uniqueness according to the postulate for basic tendencies?
Genotype variability
What is the structure of personality traits according to the postulate for basic tendencies?
Hierarchically organized from narrow to broad
When does the development of personality traits slow and gradually stop according to the postulate for basic tendencies?
In adulthood
What is the scope of the objective biography according to McCrae and Costa (2003)?
Everything a person does, thinks, or feels across their lifespan
What is the primary difference between introversion and extraversion?
Biological and genetic
Which of the following traits is NOT one of Eysenck's three superfactors?
Agreeableness
What is a key characteristic of extraverted individuals according to Eysenck's theory?
Impulsive and sociable
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of introverted individuals?
Sociable
What is the name of the theory that proposes five broad dimensions of personality?
Five-Factor Model of Personality
Who is associated with the development of the Five-Factor Model of Personality?
Robert R. McCrae
Study Notes
Paul Costa's Biography
- Studied Psychology and Human Development
- Co-authored a book on Humanistic theory of personality with Salvatore Maddi
- Married Karol Sandra Costa and had three children with her
Five-Factor Model of Personality
- The most reliable and commonly used personality structure
- Traits/factors are bipolar and follow a bell-shaped distribution
- Neuroticism: High score - Anxious, Temperamental, Self-pitying; Low score - Calm, Even-tempered
- Extroversion: High score - Affectionate, Joiner, Talkative; Low score - Reserved, Loner, Quiet
- Openness to Experience: High score - Imaginative, Creative, Original; Low score - Down-to-earth, Uncreative, Conventional
- Agreeableness: High score - Softhearted, Trusting, Generous; Low score - Ruthless, Suspicious, Stingy
- Conscientiousness: High score - Conscientious, Hardworking, Well-organized; Low score - Negligent, Lazy, Disorganized
Units of the Five-Factor Theory
- Core Components of Personality: Dynamic Processes, Basic Tendencies, Characteristics Adaptations, Self-concept
- Peripheral Components of Personality: Biological Bases, External Influences
Postulates for Basic Tendencies
- Individuality/Uniqueness Origin: Uniqueness results from variability in genotype
- Development Structure: Personality traits develop through childhood, slowing down and stopping in adulthood
Eysenck's Biography
- Born on March 4, 1916 in Berlin
- Lived with his grandmother after his parents divorced when he was 4 years old
- Married twice (Margaret Davies and Sybil Rostal)
- Studied at University of London, became a psychologist by accident
- Published over 800 journal articles or book chapters and more than 75 books
- Died on September 4, 1997 due to cancer
Eysenck's Biological Theory of Personality
- Hierarchy of Behavior Organization: Superfactors, Traits, Habitual Acts or Cognition, Specific Acts or Cognition
- Dimensions of Personality: Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N), Psychotism (P)
- Extraversion: Sociability and impulsiveness, jocularity, liveliness, quickwittedness, optimism
This quiz covers the humanistic theory of personality, including the five-factor model and its traits, such as neuroticism. It also touches on the life of Esther Vasil Costa, co-author of a book on the topic.
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