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Questions and Answers
What do categories allow us to do?
What do categories allow us to do?
- Understand the past
- Evolve new forms of language
- Form association between stimuli
- Infer the invisible properties of objects (correct)
Erik attributes the cause of his neighbor's accident to her reckless driving. This attribution is consistent with which concept?
Erik attributes the cause of his neighbor's accident to her reckless driving. This attribution is consistent with which concept?
- Self-fulfilling prophecy
- Fundamental attribution error (correct)
- Information integration theory
- Self-serving bias
If categories are formed using prototypes, how is a new object evaluated?
If categories are formed using prototypes, how is a new object evaluated?
- Each new object is compared to the existing members of the category
- Each new object must possess all the necessary features to be considered acceptable members of a new category
- Category membership is determined by the particular set of core features an object possesses
- Each new object is compared to the best or most representative of the category (correct)
In the covariation model of attribution, which information is used to determine if a causal event consistently leads to change?
In the covariation model of attribution, which information is used to determine if a causal event consistently leads to change?
The concept that abnormal behavior represents an underlying disease that can be treated is a key assumption of which model?
The concept that abnormal behavior represents an underlying disease that can be treated is a key assumption of which model?
The processes that underlie mental manipulation of knowledge in problem-solving are called:
The processes that underlie mental manipulation of knowledge in problem-solving are called:
An example of intrinsic motivation is:
An example of intrinsic motivation is:
Lara decided flying was too risky due to recent news of a plane crash. Her risk estimate is influenced by:
Lara decided flying was too risky due to recent news of a plane crash. Her risk estimate is influenced by:
If categories are formed using exemplars, how are new objects evaluated?
If categories are formed using exemplars, how are new objects evaluated?
The process through which individuals act according to others' expectations is called:
The process through which individuals act according to others' expectations is called:
The behavioral therapy designed to remove unwanted pleasant associations is called:
The behavioral therapy designed to remove unwanted pleasant associations is called:
In category hierarchies, the basic level for a category is best described as:
In category hierarchies, the basic level for a category is best described as:
What are step-by-step rules that guarantee a solution for a problem called?
What are step-by-step rules that guarantee a solution for a problem called?
The type of intelligence Howard Gardner proposes is demonstrated by surgeons:
The type of intelligence Howard Gardner proposes is demonstrated by surgeons:
Bob's father thinks he has a future in basketball despite evidence to the contrary. This is an example of:
Bob's father thinks he has a future in basketball despite evidence to the contrary. This is an example of:
Dr. Lance frequently argues with clients, trying to help them confront irrational beliefs. She is likely a:
Dr. Lance frequently argues with clients, trying to help them confront irrational beliefs. She is likely a:
When using the representativeness heuristic, how do people estimate probabilities?
When using the representativeness heuristic, how do people estimate probabilities?
The psychodynamic approach emphasizes that our behavior is governed by:
The psychodynamic approach emphasizes that our behavior is governed by:
The primary aim of behavioral therapies is to:
The primary aim of behavioral therapies is to:
Miranda has an eating disorder but looks typical for her age. This is likely an instance of:
Miranda has an eating disorder but looks typical for her age. This is likely an instance of:
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what represents people reaching their full potential?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what represents people reaching their full potential?
If Kim's accusation is true about Flo making different attributions for their behaviors, this illustrates:
If Kim's accusation is true about Flo making different attributions for their behaviors, this illustrates:
What is the correct order of human needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
What is the correct order of human needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
What are the three phases in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
What are the three phases in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
What are the two routes to persuasion in the elaboration likelihood model?
What are the two routes to persuasion in the elaboration likelihood model?
When a person's opinions align with a group's norm, this behavior is known as:
When a person's opinions align with a group's norm, this behavior is known as:
The neurotransmitter most commonly affected by prescribed antidepressants is:
The neurotransmitter most commonly affected by prescribed antidepressants is:
According to Raymond Cattell, the knowledge and abilities that are acquired are known as:
According to Raymond Cattell, the knowledge and abilities that are acquired are known as:
Compelling needs to perform certain actions are called:
Compelling needs to perform certain actions are called:
Cultural differences affect perceptions of premarital sex and nudity. These differences can be better understood as:
Cultural differences affect perceptions of premarital sex and nudity. These differences can be better understood as:
The social-cognitive approach to personality is criticized for its:
The social-cognitive approach to personality is criticized for its:
A highly focused, irrational fear of an object or situation can be classified as:
A highly focused, irrational fear of an object or situation can be classified as:
According to Masters and Johnson, which phase of sexual arousal involves initial physiological responses?
According to Masters and Johnson, which phase of sexual arousal involves initial physiological responses?
Jonas seeks evidence to support his theory without considering contrary evidence. This behavior displays:
Jonas seeks evidence to support his theory without considering contrary evidence. This behavior displays:
Chlorpromazine is a dopamine antagonist, indicating that it:
Chlorpromazine is a dopamine antagonist, indicating that it:
The ego-defense mechanism that transforms undesirable thoughts into their opposites is:
The ego-defense mechanism that transforms undesirable thoughts into their opposites is:
Secondary prevention involves:
Secondary prevention involves:
Kai's impoverished environment suggests his intellectual performance will likely be:
Kai's impoverished environment suggests his intellectual performance will likely be:
An individual who is anxious and insecure would likely score high in the:
An individual who is anxious and insecure would likely score high in the:
The tendency to exert less effort in a group compared to working alone is known as:
The tendency to exert less effort in a group compared to working alone is known as:
Sebastian's constant worry and trouble sleeping likely classifies him as having:
Sebastian's constant worry and trouble sleeping likely classifies him as having:
Beliefs about personal traits of specific groups are called:
Beliefs about personal traits of specific groups are called:
The theory that individuals can alter emotional experiences by changing their interpretations of physiological arousal is:
The theory that individuals can alter emotional experiences by changing their interpretations of physiological arousal is:
Caleb did not help an elderly lady struggling with packages, illustrating the:
Caleb did not help an elderly lady struggling with packages, illustrating the:
Humanistic therapies primarily aim to:
Humanistic therapies primarily aim to:
Which relaxation technique involves focusing on blood flow toward tense muscle groups?
Which relaxation technique involves focusing on blood flow toward tense muscle groups?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of personality in the Big Five model?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of personality in the Big Five model?
Khiem, who has lost interest in daily activities and has gained weight, would likely be classified as having:
Khiem, who has lost interest in daily activities and has gained weight, would likely be classified as having:
When do people make internal attributions for behavior?
When do people make internal attributions for behavior?
Tertiary prevention involves:
Tertiary prevention involves:
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Study Notes
Categories and Attribution
- Categories help infer invisible properties of objects.
- Fundamental attribution error happens when people attribute others' behavior to their character rather than situational factors.
Prototypes and Exemplars
- Prototypes involve comparing new objects to the best representative of a category.
- Exemplars focus on comparing new objects to existing members of a category.
Attribution Models
- Consistency is key in the covariation model of attribution when determining causal events.
Behavioral and Cognitive Models
- Medical Model asserts that abnormal behavior stems from underlying diseases.
- Thinking involves mental manipulation aimed at problem-solving.
Motivation
- Intrinsic motivation is exemplified by doing activities for personal enjoyment.
Heuristics and Biases
- The availability heuristic affects risk perception based on recent examples.
- Confirmation bias leads individuals to seek evidence that supports their theories while ignoring contradictions.
Therapies and Psychological Concepts
- Aversion therapy uses classical conditioning to eliminate undesirable associations.
- Rational-emotive therapy encourages confronting irrational beliefs.
Intelligence and Personality Concepts
- Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is illustrated by surgeon skills.
- The neuroticism dimension correlates with anxiety and insecurity in personality traits.
Human Needs and Motivation
- Self-actualization needs represent the desire to reach full potential according to Maslow's hierarchy.
- Various stages of human needs, arranged from basic to higher-level, emphasize physiological needs first.
Adaptation and Emotional Theories
- General adaptation syndrome includes alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
- The two-factor theory of emotion links physiological arousal to emotional experience through cognitive interpretation.
Social Psychology
- Conformity involves aligning opinions or behaviors with group norms.
- The bystander effect occurs when individuals don’t act in emergencies, often due to the presence of others.
Disorders and Preventions
- Generalized anxiety disorder features chronic worry and sleep issues.
- Major depression is indicated by loss of interest in activities and significant weight changes.
- Secondary prevention identifies risk factors early, while tertiary prevention addresses existing conditions.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Stereotypes are beliefs about individuals based on group affiliation.
- The Big Five personality model includes dimensions like extraversion and neuroticism, but not imagination.
- Autogenic training is a relaxation technique that promotes blood flow to tense muscles.
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