Psych 100 Exam 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

Recurrent episodes of binge-eating and compensatory behaviors.

What defines Binge Eating Disorders?

Recurrent episodes of binge-eating without compensatory behaviors.

What are the Different Therapy Treatment Approaches?

Psychotherapy and Biomedical.

What is the goal of Psychotherapy?

To help people using psychological techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What does Biomedical treatment rely on?

Psychopharmaceuticals and medical procedures. Signup and view all the answers

What are some goals of the Psychoanalytic Model?

Bring unconscious motivations to consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the Humanistic Model?

Carl Rogers Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the Behaviorist Model?

To change maladaptive behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cognitive Model focus on?

Teaching new, more adaptive ways of thinking. Signup and view all the answers

What is Family Therapy aimed at?

Opening up communication within the family. Signup and view all the answers

What is Art Therapy?

A therapeutic approach that allows expression through art. Signup and view all the answers

What is Psychopharmacology concerned with?

Drug effects on neurotransmission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of Psychotropic Drug?

Cognitive enhancers Signup and view all the answers

What do Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) do?

Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin. Signup and view all the answers

What is Lithium used for?

As a mood stabilizer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Anti-Anxiety Drugs?

To reduce anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What does Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) involve?

Administering an electric current to the head. Signup and view all the answers

What is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

An alternative to ECT that uses magnetic pulses. Signup and view all the answers

What is abnormal behavior?

Different from the average, deviation from the ideal, dysfunctional or unable to function effectively, behavior causes distress. Signup and view all the answers

It is best to view abnormal behavior and normal behavior as:

Marking two ends of a continuum Signup and view all the answers

What do the results of Rosenhan's classic study illustrate?

Placing labels on individuals powerfully influences the way mental health workers perceive and interpret their actions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major type of anxiety disorder?

Phobic disorder Signup and view all the answers

Brett has an intense, irrational fear of needles and other sharp objects. What is he most likely to be diagnosed with?

Phobic disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE of mood disorders?

Bipolar disorder refers to a condition in which a person alternates between periods of depression and mania. Signup and view all the answers

Dr. Andersen attempts to bring about personal growth by using psychological techniques; Dr. Bradley attempts to improve psychological functioning through the use of psychotropic medication. What do they practice?

Psychotherapy; biomedical therapy Signup and view all the answers

According to a behavior therapist, how might psychological disorders be treated most effectively?

The client should learn new behaviors to replace the faulty skills. Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.

Aversive conditioning Signup and view all the answers

In person-centered therapy, what does the therapist provide?

Unconditional positive regard Signup and view all the answers

Family therapy practitioners believe each of the following statements EXCEPT:

Individual members of a family may be treated successfully in isolation. Signup and view all the answers

What were the participants in Rosenhan's 1973 experiment?

Psychologists, a graduate student, a painter, a pediatrician, a psychiatrist, and a housewife. Signup and view all the answers

What does demonology refer to?

The idea that an evil spirit can dwell in a person and control their mind or body. Signup and view all the answers

What is trephination?

The oldest documented surgical procedure where holes are drilled into skull. Signup and view all the answers

What are the perspectives on psychological disorders?

Medical, psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, sociocultural. Signup and view all the answers

What is a categorical perspective on disorders?

Disorder either present or absent. Signup and view all the answers

What is a dimensional perspective on disorders?

Disorder is understood as the degree to which symptoms are present. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes major depressive disorder?

Two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities. Signup and view all the answers

What are the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

Two or more of the following symptoms for at least 1 month: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What are delusions?

Ideas that an individual believes are true, but are highly unlikely and often impossible. Signup and view all the answers

What are hallucinations?

False perceptual experiences without external stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is narcisissitic personality disorder characterized by?

Grandiose view of themselves, preoccupation with fantasies of greatness, lack of empathy, and a sense of entitlement. Signup and view all the answers

What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?

Alteration in the experience of the self and reality. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes anorexia nervosa?

Refusal to maintain minimum weight for height, and can include restricting or binge-eating-purging subtypes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abnormal Behavior

Abnormal behavior is defined as a deviation from the average and the ideal, characterized by dysfunction or inability to function effectively, causing distress to the individual.

Continuum of Behavior

Abnormal and normal behaviors should be viewed on a continuum, marking two ends rather than discrete categories.

Rosenhan's Study Findings

Labeling individuals significantly impacts how mental health professionals perceive and interpret their behaviors, as illustrated in Rosenhan's classic study where participants were misdiagnosed.

Major Anxiety Disorders

Phobic disorder is a key type of anxiety disorder characterized by intense, irrational fears.

Phobic Disorder Example

An individual with an intense fear of needles likely suffers from phobic disorder.

Mood Disorders

Bipolar disorder involves alternating periods of depression and mania.

Treatment Approaches

Dr. Andersen uses psychotherapy for personal growth, while Dr. Bradley employs biomedical therapy through medications.

Behavioral Therapy

Effective treatment of psychological disorders focuses on teaching clients new behaviors to replace ineffective skills.

Aversive Conditioning

Aversive conditioning is used to reduce undesired behaviors by pairing them with unpleasant stimuli.

Person-Centered Therapy

In person-centered therapy, the therapist provides unconditional positive regard to promote self-acceptance and growth.

Family Therapy Beliefs

Family therapy asserts that individual treatment in isolation is ineffective; family dynamics must be considered for successful healing.

Rosenhan Experiment Overview

Participants included psychologists and various professionals posing as patients in hospitals, reporting hearing voices. Results indicated misdiagnosis and challenges in identifying sanity.

Labeling Consequences

Labeling leads to the perception of individuals as different and fosters an "us vs. them" mentality, resulting in discrimination.

Historical Perspectives

Demonology posits that evil spirits control individuals' minds or bodies, while trephination refers to ancient surgical practices involving drilling holes in the skull.

Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

Major perspectives include medical, psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and sociocultural.

Categorical vs. Dimensional Disorders

Categorical disorders exist as either present or absent, while dimensional disorders recognize varying degrees of symptom presence.

Schizophrenia (DSM Criteria)

DSM-II (1968) outlined disturbances in thinking, mood changes, and behavior as core to schizophrenia, with DSM-5 (2013) emphasizing specific symptoms like delusions and hallucinations for diagnosis.

Fear and Anxiety

Fear triggers immediate responses to perceived danger, while anxiety reflects apprehension about potential future threats without clear actions.

Specific Phobias

Specific phobias are intense, persistent fears of particular objects or situations that pose little actual threat, persisting for at least six months.

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks that cause significant distress and lead to behavioral changes to avoid future attacks.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD involves unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions, with diagnostic criteria highlighting the disruptive nature of these obsessions and compulsions.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD arises from exposure to traumatic events, often chronic, with specific DSM-5 criteria requiring the presence of intrusion and avoidance symptoms.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

MDD encompasses lengthy periods of depressed mood and anhedonia, requiring additional symptoms for diagnosis not attributable to bereavement.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder includes alternating depressive and manic states, with specific criteria differentiating between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders.

Schizophrenia Symptoms

Symptoms include disorganized thinking, delusions, hallucinations, and negative symptoms impacting social engagement and care.

Personality Disorders

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) features disregard for others' rights; Borderline Personality Disorder involves impulsivity and instability; Narcissistic Personality Disorder is marked by grandiosity and a lack of empathy.

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is identified by distinct personalities, while dissociative amnesia refers to memory loss related to stress.

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by significant weight loss and can lead to severe health issues; Bulimia Nervosa involves binge-eating followed by compensatory behaviors, and Binge Eating Disorders consist of binge-eating without compensation.

Therapy Approaches

Psychotherapy relies on trained professionals to utilize psychological techniques to aid individuals, while biomedical approaches involve medications and medical treatments.

Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Models

The psychoanalytic model, stemming from Freud, aims to uncover unconscious conflicts through methods like free association and dream interpretation. The humanistic model, founded by Carl Rogers, focuses on fostering self-actualization and acceptance.### Person-Centered Therapy
Emphasizes individual experiences and perspectives.
Focuses on personal responsibility for feelings and actions.
Encourages exploration of present and future rather than dwelling on past issues.
Utilizes unconditional positive regard to foster acceptance and support.

Behaviorist Model

Aims to change maladaptive behaviors through understanding environmental influences.
Often sees maladaptive behavior as stemming from learning failures or poor conditioning.
Techniques include classical and operant conditioning.
Aversive Conditioning aims to create negative responses to unwanted behavior.

Cognitive Model

Based on the premise that individuals actively shape their experiences through cognitive schemas.
Key cognitions involve causal attributions, temporal perceptions, and global assumptions.
Aims to teach healthier, more adaptive thought patterns.
Techniques focus on evaluating and challenging cognitive distortions.
Incorporates Beck's cognitive therapy specifically for depression.

Family Therapy

Aims to improve communication among family members.
Helps families identify and utilize conflict resolution strategies.
Based on the belief that personal problems are rooted in interpersonal family dynamics.
Particularly useful for children, but difficult to study in controlled settings.

Art Therapy

Provides a medium for individuals to express emotional distress non-verbally.
Utilizes various art materials to facilitate self-expression.

Psychopharmacology

Involves the use of drugs to modify neurotransmission at synapses.
Techniques include increasing or blocking reuptake of neurotransmitters, enzyme degradation, and receptor activation/blocking.

Psychotropic Drugs

Categories include antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anti-anxiety medications, antipsychotics, and attention-deficit treatments.

Antipsychotic & Atypical Antidepressant Drugs

Aim to alleviate symptoms of loss of reality and agitation.
Function primarily by blocking dopamine receptors.

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Effective in reducing depression by increasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine.

MAO Inhibitors

Help reduce depression by preventing the breakdown of neurotransmitters through inhibition of the enzyme MAO.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Focus on reducing depression by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin.

Lithium

Acts as a mood stabilizer, altering impulse transmission within neurons.

Anti-Anxiety Drugs

Designed to reduce anxiety by enhancing activity of the neurotransmitter GABA.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Involves administering an electric current of 70 to 150 volts to a patient's head to induce therapeutic effects.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Alternative to ECT, it uses magnetic pulses directed at specific brain regions.

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Test your knowledge on abnormal psychology with these flashcards for Psych 100 Exam 3. Each card dives into key concepts, definitions, and theories related to abnormal behavior. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding before the exam!